Summary Dutch Revolt

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• Leerjaar 2

Summary Dutch Revolt

Pick your plan

a. Individual study: find a place on the outer ring

b: Listen to me talk and take notes: sit in the middle

You have 2 minutes to take your place!

Group A

1. Make your own summary of chapter 2 (except 2.5) + 3.1

2. Make a timeline with all the important dates

3. Make a list of the key words (see worksheet)

Work in silence

Save your questions until I'm ready

Group B

You should be able to:

• Understand the connection between the Reformation and the Dutch Revolt
  
• Explain why the Dutch revolted against the Spanish ruling
  
• Describe the main causes of the Dutch Revolt
  
• Explain how the Revolt resulted in an independent Dutch state
  
• Explain the differences between the North and the South of the Netherlands
  
• Explain how the Dutch Republic was governed
• Explain how the Revolt ended for the Dutch Republic

Connection Reformation - Revolt

* John Calvin: you can remove a king if he is not a good ruler

* Lots of followers of Calvin in the Low Countries

* Philip II was a strict Catholic, wanted to wipe out heresy

* Philip II persecuted Protestants

* Protestants thought churches should be clean of the statues of saints

* 1566: Iconoclastic Fury - reign of terror of Duke of Alba (1567)

Causes for the Revolt

1. People disliked attempts to centralise the government against traditions  

2. Nobles disliked that they got less power

3. Many disliked harsh measures against Protestants

4. The Duke of Alba with his Blood Council and more taxes made everything worse

How did the Revolt result in an independent Dutch state?

• In the first years of the revolt, the rebels didn't oppose King Philip II himself, but his representatives, such as Alba
• Then King Philip outlawed William of Orange
• The rebellious provinces renounced Phillip II as their king with the Plakkaat van Verlatinghe (1579)
• Couldn't find a new king, so it became a Republic: the Republic of the United Netherlands (confederation)

North 

Holland = wealthy because of fishing, shipping and trade

(thanks to the Fall of Antwerp)

Amsterdam became international centre of trade and finance

Lots of refugees from the south

South

Under Spanish control

Only Catholicism was allowed

Many Protestants from the south (tradespeople, artists) migrated to the North

The Republic

1588

No king - it was a republic

Every province (7) had its own government: the Provincial States (ruled by regenten)

State affairs: the States General

Everyone needed to agree

Holland was the most powerful and wealthy province

Grand pensionary: legal and financial advisor (Johan van Oldenbarnevelt)

Stadtholder: commander and chief of army and navy (Maurice of Orange, son of Willem)

End of the Revolt

1609-1621: Twelve Years'Truce (war is expensive)

1621: Restart (worse than ever) Lots of fighting at sea

Dutch captured Spanish ships with silver

Spain had no more money and wanted to discuss peace

1648: Peace of Munster ends the eighty years of fighting

The Republic is recognised as an independent country

First country without a monarchy in Europe

Make list of key words

Reformation                                                               Indulgences

Stadtholder                                                                 Iconoclastic Fury

Dutch Revolt                                                               Water beggars/Watergeuzen

Spanish Fury                                                               Republic

Refugees                                                                      Migrants

Provincial States                                                       Regenten

States General                                                           Twelve Years' Truce

Peace of Munster                                                     Grand Pensionary

Next week

Read 1.2 and 1.3