Week 19 Unit 5 grammar recap

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• mavo
• Leerjaar 3

Unit 5 grammar recap

We will start by revisiting all grammar of unit 5 to prepare for the comming test!

MUST 

= moeten

Vorm: must + hele werkwoord

Jij vindt dat iets (niet) moet. (krachtiger dan should)

Het is heel belangrijk, het kan niet anders of het is verplicht.

VOORBEELDEN

I must finish this essay today. I’m going out tomorrow.

You musn't talk so fast!  I can't understand you! 

We must call the police! 

You ... park here. It's an emergency exit.

1. mustn't
2. must
3. have to
4. don't have to

Can I come to your party?
Of course, but you .... .... your parents' permission.

1. musn't ask
2. must ask
3. don't have to ask
4. do ask

>Thanks for the tea, Mrs. McGrail.
<Please stay for a while, you .... .... straight away.

1. must leave
2. musn't leave

It's a hospital. You ... smoke.

1. shouldn't
2. mustn't
3. can
4. has to

People are sleeping. You........make so much noise.

1. must
2. mustn´t

We......do more exercises to stay fit.

1. must
2. mustn´t

I need to be there in time.
So I ..........(to oversleep) in the morning.

must of musn´t?

+ hele ww

I want to pass.
So I..........(to make) mistakes in the test.

must of musn´t?

+ hele ww

I ............(to be)late for the lessons.

must of musn´t?

+ hele ww

The Imperative

So first: What is the imperative?

The imperative is what we in Dutch call:

de gebiedende wijs.

So the imperative is used to instruct people, to tell them what to do. (for advice, requests, suggestions etc.)

Take a look at the following two sentences and drag them to the right place:

request (een verzoek)

an instruction

'Could you close the door?'

'Close the door.'

ok...

So 'close the door' was the instruction. It tells you what to do.

You probably think it doesn't sound as polite as the request. And you are absolutely right! 

So, what is it then?

'close the door!'

• Imperatives are direct. Often they are used when we are angry.
  
• Perhaps your school teacher told you to:​ 'Sit down! Be quiet! Stop talking!'
• When you buy, for example, a new smartwatch it comes with an instruction book telling you how to use it. This instruction book is written using imperatives. They are simple to use and easy to explain.

There are also negative imperatives

negative imperatives

Of course you can also tell people NOT to do something. (when you want to prevent them from walking on your lawn, for example.)

The negative form is:  Do + not + base form

For example: Do not speak!

Don't smoke! Do not use superglue on your little brothers forehead! And don't walk on the grass! 

(remember that do not and don't are the same thing!)

Which sentence is written in the imperative?

1. Run away! As fast as you can!
2. Can you run away, please?
3. My mother never told me to run.
4. Did he run away?

Which sentence gives an order?

1. Could you stay away from the fire, please?
2. Don't go near the fire!
3. You can not go near the fire!
4. We must put out the fire!

How do you translate:
'Ga naar boven!'

1. Turn up!
2. Go upstairs!
3. Go downstairs!
4. Up stairs!

How do you translate:
'Niet in de paal klimmen!'?

1. Don't in the pole climbing!
2. The pole not climbing!
3. No climbing the pole.
4. Don't climb in the pole!

Use an imperative:
upstairs. (to go)

Use an imperative:
in this lake. (not/to swim)

Use an imperative:
your homework. (to do)

Use an imperative:
football in the yard. (not/to play)

Use an imperative:
your teeth. (to brush)

Use an imperative:
during the lesson. (not/to talk)

GERUND 

(ING-VORM)

Gerund

Je gebruikt de '-ing vorm' als een soort zelfstandig naamwoord:

 1. Als het onderwerp van de zin.

Example: Biking in the mall is forbidden. 

2. Na voorzetsels. (kastwoorden)
Example: She's fond of cycling.

3. Na werkwoorden die zeggen hoe je iets vindt. (like, love, hate, enjoy, etc.)

Example: I love going to the movies. 

Thanks for inviting me to the party!

1. Onderwerp
2. Werkwoorden (die zeggen hoe je iets vindt)
3. Voorzetsels

Smoking is forbidden in this school.

1. Onderwerp
2. Werkwoorden (die zeggen hoe je iets vindt)
3. Voorzetsels

I enjoy spending time with you.

1. Onderwerp
2. Werkwoorden (die zeggen hoe je iets vindt)
3. Voorzetsels

Gerund

Je gebruikt de '-ing vorm' ook als een soort zelfstandig naamwoord:

1. Na werkwoorden die 'begin', 'einde', of 'doorgaan' aangeven. (start, begin, finish, go on, etc.)

Example: Everybody had finished writing. 

2. Na een aantal andere werkwoorden. (delay, postpone, put off, imagine, consider, avoid, etc) 

Example: I put off learning vocabulary for a whole week.

3. Na een aantal uitdrukkingen. (it's no good, it's no use, it's worth, can't help, to be busy, etc)

Example: She can't help singing all day long. 

It's worth trying to sell it.

1. Werkwoorden (begin, einde, doorgaan)
2. Uitdrukkingen
3. Andere werkwoorden

Everybody had finished speaking.

1. Werkwoorden (begin, einde, doorgaan)
2. Uitdrukkingen
3. Andere werkwoorden

He put off seeing her.

1. Werkwoorden (begin, einde, doorgaan)
2. Uitdrukkingen
3. Andere werkwoorden

....(write) in English is easy.

I love ... (go) out to restaurants.

That make-up product isn't worth ... (buy)

My mother considers ... (leave) Rob.

Vul in: I'm not very good at ____ (play) hockey.

(have) .......... a friend like you is great.

They stopped .............. (see) each other.

My brother loves ___ (hang) around with his friends.

Make your own sentence with a Gerund!

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Selftest!

homework next lesson: selftest!