CH4 sec. 4.3 Industrial society

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 2

Memo havo 2 TTO

CH4 The age of citizens and steam engines

The Industrial Revolution

sec. 4.3 Industrial society

Industrial Revolution

1750-1850

A major turning point in world histoy

Learning objectives

Main question: How did the rise of factories affect the working and living conditions of the English population?

• You're able to explain what the working conditions of the labourers were like;
• You can describe the three social groups in the industrial society of the 19th century;
• You can explain how the living conditions of the labourers differed from those of the bourgeoisie;
• You  know the terms and dates of this section.

Work in the first factories

19th century 100,000s of people moved to industrial areas. Living and working conditions were poor.

In the cottage industry people organised their own work and time. In the factories this was determined by the boss and the machine.

Employers wanted to make as much profit as possible (long working days for low wages).

 

Work in the first factories

Working conditions

• Low wages
• Long workdays (only Sunday 's off)
• Monotonous and unskilled work. Women and children (earned even lower wages)
• Many accidents in factories and mines (hardly any safety measures)
• Foul air in factories and noise of the machines
• Protesting or demonstrating was useless. You would be fired.

Work in the first factories

Authorities didn't help the labourers. Government shouldn't interfere in economy.

By the 1830's there 

were many protests.

In 1833 and 1842 

measures banned 

worst forms of women 

and child labour.

Living near the factory

First industrial area arose in northwest England.

First factories were built next to fast-flowing rivers, ports or coal and iron ore fields

Urbanisation

Rural areas changed into industrial areas with large, densely populated cities.

Labourers lived in working-class neighbourhoods close to factories.

1750

Living near the factory

Hardly any public transport. Infrastructure improved after construction railroads, but were mainly used for raw materials and products.

Living conditions:

• Air pollution, filthy streets and no sewerage
• No clean drinking water and poor hygiene
• Cholera and other diseases
• Average age in cities was low and high mortality rate among infants and toddlers.

Two worlds

Three social groups in society: upper class/ bourgeoisie, middle class and factory workers.

Living conditions upper class (manufacturers, bankers and lawyers):

• Lived in suburbs ,in spacious houses with gardens.
• Streets were much cleaner and better hygiene
• Good schools and nice parks.

 

Two worlds

Middle class (skilled office workers and shopkeepers) was a  bit better off than working-classes.

Factory workers formed largest group.  Low wages, few possessions and no education.

At the end of 19th century slight improvement in living and working conditions. 

Authorities provided water pipes and drain, and improved education. 

Get to work

What? See whiteboard.

How? Alone 

Help? Ask neighbour. Can't figure it out? Ask teacher. 

Time? Until the end of the lesson. 

Done? Learn terms and dates. Ask teacher.