Final Test Key words & Dates
AGE 7. The Time of Wigs and Revolutions
4.2 The American Revolution
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AGE 7. The Time of Wigs and Revolutions
4.2 The American Revolution
Slide 1 - Diapositive
Word Duty
American Revolution: the struggle for independence by British colonists in America
Thirteen colonies: British colonies along the east coast of North America
Militias: civilian armies established to defend against Native Americans and other colonists
Patriots: colonists who used methods of direct action to oppose the taxation acts
The Boston Tea Party: ships carrying tea were attacked and the tea was dumped into the harbour as an act of protest against the taxation acts
Continental Congress: a convention of delegates from all the Thirteen Colonies
Declaration of Independence: a document declaring the Thirteen Colonies independent
United States of America: a country consisting of the former American British colonies
Federation: a country that consists of states, each with their own government, which are ruled on a national level by a federal government
The Constitution: the supreme law describing the relationship between the citizens and the
government and the way the government works
The Bill of Rights: the first ten amendments to the constitution which describe individual
rights of citizens and limit the power of the government
KEY WORDS
Slide 2 - Diapositive
Important dates in this lesson:
1770: Boston Massacre
1773: Boston Tea Party
1775: War between Britain and American colonists begins
1776: Declaration of independence
1789: Congress accepts the Constitution
Slide 3 - Diapositive
AGE 7. The Time of Wigs and Revolutions
5.1 Problems in France
Slide 4 - Diapositive
Word Duty
KEY WORDS
Ancien Régime: a period of time in which the French king had absolute power
Third estate: every French citizen who did not possess a noble title or was not a clergyman
Bourgeoisie: professional and wealthy people in the third estate, such as doctors,
lawyers and bankers.
Estates-General: a meeting in which representatives of the three estates together
discussed important matters
Slide 5 - Diapositive
Important dates in this lesson:
1778: France supports the patriots in the American Revolution
1789: King Louis XVI summons the Estates-General together to discuss France's financial problems
Slide 6 - Diapositive
AGE 7. The Time of Wigs and Revolutions
5.2 The French Revolution
Slide 7 - Diapositive
Word Duty
KEY WORDS
Revolution: a change from one – often political – system to another, in a relatively short period of time
National Assembly: in 1789, a meeting was established by disappointed members of the third estate; several members of the lower nobility and clergy also joined
Tennis Court Oath: a pledge of the third estate and it’s sympathisers not to break-up the National Assembly until a new constitution for France had been written
The Great Fear: a revolt from peasants against their landlords on the countryside
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen: in 1789, a declaration was written by the National Assembly, stating that everyone is born free and is equal in the eyes of the law
March on Versailles: in October 1789, thousands of angry people went to the Palace of Versailles for a violent confrontation with the Royal court
Reign of Terror: a period of violence in French Revolution marked by mass executions using the guillotine
Jacobines: a political group that dominated the National Assembly and started the Reign of Terror; Robespierre was one of them
Guillotine: a quick method of execution by beheading
Directoire: a committee which governed France after the Reign of Terror
First Coalition War: a military conflict between France and European countries that did not agree with the French Revolution
Slide 8 - Diapositive
Important dates in this lesson: Only study the yellow dates
1789: May: King Louis XVI calls for a meeting of the Estates-General
June: Tennis Court Oath
July 14: Storming of the Bastille
Aug: the Great Fear
la Nuit des Sacrifices
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
Oct: March on Versailles
1791: Failed escape of the king
1792: Feb: start First Coalition War
Sept: end of the monarchy
reign of Terror
1793: Louis XVI executed
1794: Directoire
1797: end First Coalition War
1798: Napoleon arrives.
Slide 9 - Diapositive
AGE 8. The Time of Citizens and Steam Engines
6.1 The Industrial Revolution
-T-
Slide 10 - Diapositive
Word Duty
KEY WORDS
Industrial revolution: a radical change in which manual labour was replaced by machines
Modern age: the period in time from 1800 up to now
Entrepreneurs: persons who start or run a business with the goal of making profit
Steam power: an energy source that is derived from heating water; steam is the gas phase of water
Factories: large buildings in which machines are operated to make a product
Services: a work sector in which people offer their service in exchange for money; other sectors are agriculture and industry
Slide 11 - Diapositive
Important dates in this lesson:
1712: first steam engine
1750 - 1900: Industrial Revolution
1837 - 1901: Victorian Age
Slide 12 - Diapositive
AGE 8. The Time of Citizens and Steam Engines
6.2 The Social Issue
-T-
Slide 13 - Diapositive
Word Duty
KEY WORDS
Capitalism: an economic system in which making profit and private ownership are essential
Employer: a person or institution which hires employees to do a certain job in exchange for a wage
Employee: works for an employer in exchange for a wage
Socialism: a political and economic system in which equality is important; ways of making money are owned by the whole society
Trade union: organisation of labourers and union leaders with the goal of improving the work situation
Social issue: the problem of bad working, health and living conditions of the labourers
Social laws: laws that helped to improve the living and working conditions of labourers
Slide 14 - Diapositive
Important dates in this lesson:
1874: "Children's Law" of van Houten
Slide 15 - Diapositive
AGE 8. The Time of Citizens and Steam Engines
6.3 The rise of the -isms
-T-
Slide 16 - Diapositive
Word Duty
KEY WORDS
Constitutional reform: an adjustment to the constitution
Conservative: someone who thinks that tradition is important; change is opposed
Progressive: someone who thinks change is important in a society
Liberalism: political philosophy in which freedom of the individual is most important
Government: the executive branch of power: the prime ministers and ministers (= cabinet).
Parliament: the legislative branch of power: the elected peoples' representatives, seated in the Eerste and Tweede Kamer der Staten Generaal.
Confessionalism: political philosophy in which laws in a country should be based on religion
Political party: a group of people with the same political ideas that work together to win elections and govern a country
Feminism: a political philosophy based on equal rights for women
Passive vote right: the right to be elected and to participate in government
Active vote right: the right to vote during political elections
Slide 17 - Diapositive
Important dates in this lesson:
1815: Peace Conference of Vienna
1830: Belgium declares itself independent from the Netherlands
1848: Revolution Year
Thorbecke's new constitution signed
