1.4 New map of Europe DMB

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 3

 Great War 

end of World War I 

Par. 1.4

- how peace was made after WWI: Peace of Versailles

- that many new states arose

- that nationalism had a great influence

- how the Republic of Turkey came into being

- that tensions arose again between all kinds of peoples

Objectives 

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to recognize and explain how Europe changed during the First World War and how new tensions arose in Europe.

Peacy Treay Versailles 

january 1919

An armistice (1918) is not peace. This  was negotiated between January and June 1919 in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles

Peace of Versailles.

precies vijf jaar na de moord op Frans Ferdinand werd het Verdrag getekend

Who is missing? 

What was arranged in the negotiations? 

1. peace with Germany

2. map of Europe was changed because:

- great old empires disappeared (Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Russian Czar and German Empire

- new countries emerged (Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania)

2. founding of League of Nations

Vóór WO1

Treaty = Diktat!

Germany was severely punished

- Germany was not allowed to participate in the decision

- the Treaty was imposed (= diktat): Dui had to agree otherwise the fighting would resume

B.A.R.T.

Blame: Germany had to take the blame for the outbreak of WW1

Army: about 90% of the Army was fired

Reparations: Germany had to pay 500 billion Goldmark

Territory: Germany lost it's colonies and Alsace Lorraine (coles!) 

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Belangrijkste maatregelen verdrag van Versailles

• Duitsland moest gebieden afstaan
• Duitsland moest herstelbetalingen doen 
• Duitsland verloor zijn koloniën
• Duitsland mocht geen groot leger meer hebben (maximaal 100.000 troepen)

De Duitsers noemen het verdrag ook wel het Dictaat van Versailles.

Plan with 14 points: Wilson (USA)

Freedom for all nations: each nation must have its own country, with its own borders (= right to self-determination)

Democracy for all countries

Founding of the League of Nations (predecessor of the United Nations: talk first, then fight).

League of Nations 

 

• foundation of the League of Nations: plan van Woodrow Wilson (VS)
• it's aim: to prevent future wars. 
• Wilson:  each people should be able to establish it's own country. 

example: Turkey

Islamic and Western

Ataturk wanted a modern, western country:

European influences in fashion, technology and art

Equal rights for men and women

New modern laws 

New alphabet

Ban on headscarves in public buildings

Mustafa Kemal

But also: 

Expelled the Greeks from Anatolia

- Ethnic cleansing

- Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. (father of the Turks)

new tensions arose: 

- New countries emerged after the fall of Russia, namely: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Finland.

- Many Germans were against their will in a new country (part of Poland and Czechoslovakia).

- Rise of Adolf Hitler: Revenge against the Treaty of Versailles and is against a multiethnic state.

analysing cartoons: 

1st step: What do you see? Give a description of this

2nd step: Which text is next to or in the cartoon?

3rd step: Do you see any symbolism/symbols in the cartoon?

4th step: What subject/theme or event does the cartoon deal with?

5th step: Give the artist's opinion and/or try to answer the questions.

cartoon practice: 

League of Nations = Volkenbond

The dog of war

Over welk historisch onderwerp gaat de spotprent? Hoe weet je dat?

1

Heeft de spotprent een titel of een bijschrift?

2

Weet je iets over de tekenaar? Bijvoorbeeld bij welke groep hij hoorde of uit welk land hij kwam?

3

Versailles

Wie stellen de personen op de spotprent voor?

4

Zijn de personen positief of negatief afgebeeld? Hoe zie je dat?

5

Wat doen de personen?

6

Welke dingen zie je op de spotprent?

7

Wat stellen deze dingen volgens jou voor?

8

Legenda

Andere delen van de spotprent

De personen op de spotprent

Algemeen

Wat is de boodschap van de maker van de spotprent? Hoe weet je dat?

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Conclusie

Loopgraven

Verdrag van Versailles

Militarisme 

Wapenwedloop

Timeline World War I

M

A

I

N

Treaty of Brest Litovsk

Lusitania sunk by U-boat

October Revolution 

New weapons: tank & gas 

Assassination in Sarajevo 

USA declares war against Central Powers 

Schlieffenplan

February Revolution 

Treaty of Versailles 

US troops join the fight

armistice 

The Treaty of Versailles drastically changed the map of Europe.

Which countries were NEW in 1919?

Click on a hotspot to reveal the name of a country.

Drag ONLY the names of countries that were NOT an independent state in 1914 to their place on the map.

Yugoslavia

Russia / Soviet Union

Germany

Bulgaria

The Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

Czechoslovakia

Norway

Italy

Turkey

Poland

Greece

France