3.4 The end of the trenches and the war (part 2)

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

3.4 The end of the trenches and the war

part 2

At the end of this lesson...

• You will be able to explain why Germany surrendered.
• You will be able to explain what was in the Treaty of Versailles.
• You will be able to name one consequence of the treaty. 

What do you remember from the last lesson?

The Germans

• The German soldiers were exhausted after 3,5 years of fighting.
•  They tried one last major offensive, but they got stopped once again at the river the Marne. 

Mutiny

• The Germans's weapons and food supply was wearing thin.
• The soldiers started a mutiny against their generals. 
• the commanders had no choice but to tell the emperor they had to give up.
• Wilhelm II resigned and fled to the Netherlands.

Armistice of Compiègne

11-11-1918, 11 o'clock

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk hadn't caused the Germans to win the war at the western front. The arrival of the Americans was the deciding factor for Germany.

The new German government signed the Armistice of Compiègne on a train slightly north of Paris.

Peace negotiations

1919

An Armistice wasn't peace. This was negotiated in 1919 at the palace of Versailles. 

The participating countries:

- England (Lloyd George)

- France (Clemenceau)

- The U.S. (Wilson)

- Italy (Orlando)

Treaty of Versailles (1)

• Germany has to give up a lot of territory (approximately 10%)

• Germany has to hand over their colonies.

• Germany may not have an army larger that a 100.000 men.

• Germany has to make reperations.

Treaty of Versailles (2)

• Germany is not allowed to have great warrships. 

• Germany may not have an airforce anymore.

• The border between Germany and France will be demilitarised.

Treaty of Versailles

28th of june 1919

Exactly 5 years after Franz-Ferdinand was murdered, the war is over. 

Treaty?! Diktat!

In Germany there is great dissatisfaction. They rather speak of the Diktat of Versailles. 

Hitler responds to the German unrest....

Why did the Germans surrender?

Name at least two things that were established in the Treaty of Versailles.

Homework

Paragraph 3.4 exercise 5, 6 and 7