TTO2 - History (Bricks) - Chapter 3

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• vmbo t, mavo, havo
• Leerjaar 2

Last period: 

- We talked about the French Revolution
- What is a revolution? 
- We talked about how the "normal people" could make change happen. 
- We talked about Enlightenment Movement, which two words were central in the ideas of englightenment?

After looking at that picture...
What will this chapter be about?

This chapter is about the Industrial Revolution. Find a picture that best depicts this on google and upload it here!

Pre Industrial Farming

Post Industrial Farming

England 1750

The industrial revolution began around 1750 in England. It happened here for a number of reasons: England had a lot of natural resources, many harbours to ship its goods from and the British were interested in technology and progress.

How did it all start then?

New farming techniques -> more food -> more food means more people -> population growth -> more people means more clothing -> more clothing needed means more textile needed to be produced -> people had to make these textiles -> wasn't fast enough -> a new invention was needed

(Cause and effect relations)

What did we talk about last time?

What was the 'Spinning Jenny'?

Steam Power

The Spinning Jenny and the Waterframe still needed people to man them and they were unreliable at times. 
Luckily they found out about steam power.

Steam engines

As early as 1712, a steam engine was in use pumping water from a mine. In 1764, Scotsman James Watt made a new version that could operate a range of different machines for many different industries. Steam engines became so big that they had to be placed in large buildings, called factories.

Where could we find them?

At first, these factories had to be close to places with a supply of coal and water. The coal was burned to heat up water in order to produce steam. But with the invention of the steam locomotive, these fuels could be transported to all different areas; now factories could be build in other places, like close to a waterway for transport or in a city where workers lived.

Do you have any questions?
Is there something you need extra explanation about?

Rehearsal Q1:
Name a reason why the Industrial Revolution started in England.

Rehearsal Q2:
In your own words, what is the Industrial Revolution?

Keywords:

Capitalism: Economic system that is focussed on making profit. 

Socialism: Political system that is focussing on equality and protection of the weak in society by the government. 

Trade Union: Organisation of labourers to fight for better circumstances. 

Social Issue: The problem in society of bad working and living conditions. 

Social laws: Laws that improve the living and working conditions of people. 

Is the Industrial Revolution a cause or an effect of the Social Issue? Explain your answer!

In your own words what is the "Social Issue" presented in 3.2?

Chapter 3.3 

1848: The year of Revolution!

Remember the French Revolution?
Why was there a revolution in France?

Was the French Revolution succesful?
Did the rioters get what they wanted in the end?

Introduction

After Napoleon’s defeat in 1815, the winners met at the Conference of Vienna. They decided to restore the old order and map of Europe. Enlightened reforms of the French revolution were reversed and kings were put back on their thrones. One of the plans was to form a strong buffer state between England and France. A member of the Nassau family was asked to rule this area that encompasses modern-day Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg.

Battle of Waterloo, 1815. The French army of Napoleon was eventually defeated by the British army under the command of the duke of Wellington. The British were helped by their Dutch and German allies.

How do you think people felt about getting back a monarchy / king?

😒🙁😐🙂😃

The Netherlands

- William I / Willem I
- Nassau Family 
- Merchant King --> Wanted to earn lots of money
- Favoured the northern provinces over the southern provinces (Belgium) 

Northern provinces

- Dutch Language
- Protestant religion
- Got most representatives in the government
- Mainly focussed on trade

Southern Provinces

- French Language
- Catholic religion
- Did not get important jobs
- Mainly focussed on Industry

Nationalism in the Kingdom of the Netherlands

Causes of the Belgian Revolution (1830)

• South was mainly Roman Catholic, North was mainly Protestant.
• Taalbesluit (1823) Dutch became the official language of the administration.
• Dutch received the important positions in the army and government.
• Belgians paid  most taxes.
• Trigger or direct cause: Riots following an opera performance in Brussels.

Nationalism

Great love for one's country (also striving for independence)

Nationalism in the Kingdom of the Netherlands

• Belgians demanded their own country and a king of their own.
  
• Willem I sent an army to suppress the revolution > failed.
  
• Belgians declared their independence.
  
• Willem I didn't accept this and sent a larger army. Tiendaagse Veldtocht (augustus 1831)
  
• French intervention, makes the Dutch retreat.
  
• Belgium becomes independent and Leopold I becomes the first Belgian king.

1840: William II new king of the Netherlands

- conservative  (means he doesn't want change) 
- faced the threat of a revolution in his own country, especially in 1848. 
- All around Europe revolutions dethroned kings... uh oh!

Things needed to change!

William II asked the leader of the liberalists (people who stand up for freedom) to come up with a new constitution... 

In 1848 he signed a new set of laws in order to protect his own position. 
It greatly diminished his power!

Put the events in the correct chronological order

Napoleon defeated at Waterloo

Thorbecke makes a new constitution

Conference of Vienna

Revolutions broke out all over Europe.

Belgium became independent.