Making a Difference: What were the key inventions that allowed the Industrial Revolution to take place?

• Humanities
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Making a Difference

Statement of Inquiry: 

Revolutionary changes in technology can lead to positive and negative impacts on a global and sustainable society.  

Key Concept: Change

Related Concept: Innovation & Revolution

Global Context: Globalization & Sustainability 

Making a Difference

What were the key inventions that allowed the Industrial Revolution to take place?

- Repeat: Quick Quiz; causes of the Industrial Revolution

- Explanation: textile industry, iron industry, steam engine

- Video: The iron industry during the IR

- Read + Assignments: p 5 - 7 

To which cause does the following stament fit best?

"There was a great interest in science and technology"

1. population growth
2. overseas trade
3. agriculture
4. entrepeneurs and inventions

To which cause does the following stament fit best?

"Raw cotton could be obtained from India and then the manufactured cotton goods could be sol back to India"

1. peace
2. overseas trade
3. agriculture
4. transport

To which cause does the following stament fit best?

"Letters, orders for goods and even new ideas could call travel much more quickly"

1. transport
2. overseas trade
3. raw materials
4. entrepeneurs and inventions

To which cause does the following stament fit best?

"It also meant that there were plenty of workers for the factories"

1. transport
2. agriculture
3. raw materials
4. population growth

To which cause does the following stament fit best?

"It possessed large quantitites of iron, which was needed for making the machines and railways"

1. agriculture
2. entrepeneurs and inventors
3. raw materials
4. population growth

To which cause does the following stament fit best?

"The relatively stable political situation...allowed the British to pursue economic activities"

1. transport
2. peace
3. raw materials
4. overseas trade

To which cause does the following stament fit best?

"There was enough food for the growing population"

1. agriculture
2. peace
3. raw materials
4. overseas trade

The textile industry

Population growth increased demand for cloth, but the domestic system could not meet demand.

New machines sped up the manufacturing:

• Flying Shuttle (1733)
• Spinning Jenny (1764)
• Water Frame (1769)
• Spinning Mule (1779)
• Power Loom (1785)

The Domestic System

Spinning and weaving cloth took place in people's homes. 

The steam engine

Traditional forms of power: horse power, wind and water. 

The steam engine was much more reliable.

First steam engines (1775) worked as a pump to drain flooded mines. 

In later years, steam engines were improved and used in factories and locomotives.

The iron industry

Iron was being used as a material for newly invented machines. 

Due to inventions of Darby I, iron could be produced much faster. 

Explain why the textile industry was the first that moved to powered machinery and to factories.

Explain why speeding up one part of the textile production process could cause a problem in another part of the production process.

1733

1764

1769

1779

1785

Samuel Crompton

John Kay

John Hargreaves

Richard Arkwright

Flying Shuttle

Power Loom

Spinning Jenny

Spinning Mule

Edmund Cartwright

Water Frame

Both Kay and Hargreaves faced hostility to their inventions from workers. Kay had to flee to France and Hargreaves had his home set on fire.
Why do you think this was? What can be the disadvantages of introducing new technology into the workplace? What examplescan you think of today where there is hostility or concern regarding new technologies?

Give two advantages of Darby's method of producing iron.

What is the main cause for the steam engine to be invented?

Describe what happened in the follwoing years with the development of the steam engine:
1712, 1763, 1775 and 1781.