H5 - Writing - Linking Devices

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 4

Today

• Feedback application letter
• Linking devices practice
• Write Enquiry Letter

Feedback: List 3 things that you are going to differently in your next letter.

1

There are many causes of air pollution. There is the use of private cars. This can cause many breathing problems because of fumes. Other forms of transport cause air pollution, these are buses, boats and motorcycles. Factories produce gasses that go into the air causing pollution. These things make people's health suffer.

1

There are many causes of air pollution. There is the use of private cars. This can cause many breathing problems because of fumes. Other forms of transport cause air pollution, these are buses, boats and motorcycles. Factories produce gasses that go into the air causing pollution. These things make people's health suffer.

2

To begin with, there are many causes of air pollution. Firstly, there is the use of private cars. This can cause many breathing problems because of fumes. Furthermore, other forms of transport cause air pollution, for example buses, boats and motorcycles. In addition, factories produce gasses that go into the air causing pollution. All in all, these things make people's health suffer.

Coherence

• It makes for easier reading and understanding.

• It is achieved by means of linking devices: words and phrases that link up paragraphs, sentences, and words.

Linking devices

- Each with its own function. 

- They denote a particular relationship between words, sentences and paragraphs. 

- The most commonly used linking words: and, or and but.  

........ in nearly every country in the world they drive on the right, in England they insist on driving on the left.

1. Nevertheless
2. In contrast
3. On the one hand
4. While

The team haven't been playing too well. ......, they are expected to win this afternoon.

1. Nevertheless
2. In contrast
3. On the contrary
4. Whereas

Payments to your account have fallen behind considerably. ........, on several occasions your credit limit has been exceeded.

1. Moreover
2. Lastly
3. As a result
4. Despite

The audience waited patiently for the delayed performance to start. ........ the curtain rose.

1. Than
2. Lastly
3. As a result
4. Then

........ had I gone to bed than I heard the phone ring.

1. Scarcely
2. Hardly
3. After
4. Hence

Emphasising ideas

definitely, extremely, indeed, absolutely, positively, obviously, naturally, always, never, surprisingly, emphatically, without a doubt, certainly, undeniably, without reservation.

Pick a linking device to emphasise ideas and write a sentence with 'surroundings' (FU 37).

Expressing alternatives

or, rather, alternatively, differently put, either . . . or, whether . . . or, as it were.

Pick a linking device to express alternatives and write a sentence with 'forgery/fake/counterfeit' (FU 47).

Letter of enquiry

• Opdracht (page 30);
• Follow conventions (page 8);
• Checklist (page 20).

Hand in by tomorrow's class on Magister Me Opdrachten.

This will be graded as an SO.

 

Tomorrow

• Hand in Letter of enquiry;
• Bring Examenbundel 2021-22:
• Oriëntatietoets.

Today

• Magister Me
• Examenbundel: oriëntatietoets
• Linking devices practice
• CNN10

Oriëntatietoets: score eindtermen

1. Aangeven welke informatie relevant is, gegeven een vaststaande behoefte.
2. De hoofdgedachte van een tekst(gedeelte) aangeven.
3. De betekenis van belangrijke elementen van een tekst aangeven.
4. Relaties tussen delen van een tekst aangeven.
5. Conclusies trekken met betrekking tot intenties, opvattingen en gevoelens van de auteur.

Voor deze eindterm scoor ik hoog.

1

2

3

4

5

Voor deze eindterm scoor ik laag.

1

2

3

4

5

Coherence

• It makes for easier reading and understanding.

• It is achieved by means of linking devices: words and phrases that link up paragraphs, sentences, and words.

Giving examples

• for example
• for instance
• in this case
• in another case
• as an illustration
• to take another example
• namely
• that is
• e.g. ( = exempli gratia)

Pick a linking device to give examples and write a sentence with 'sensible' + 'to insist on (+ verb -ing)' (FU 71).

Showing similarity

• similarly
• likewise
• in a similar manner
• like
• in the same way

Pick a linking device to show similarity and write a sentence with 'to boast' + 'extraordinary' (FU 72).

Summarising or concluding ideas

• thus
• lastly
• in brief
• in short
• on the whole
• to sum up
• to conclude
• in conclusion
• as I have shown
• as I have said

Pick a linking device to summarise or conclude ideas and write a sentence with 'to envy' + 'embarrassing' (FU 73).

Watching task

3 news topics that were covered.

2 facts that you've learned.

1 word to sum it all up.