V4 Linking devices

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 4

Welcome to class!

Writing

1

There are many causes of air pollution. There is the use of private cars. This can cause many breathing problems because of fumes. Other forms of transport cause air pollution, these are buses, boats and motorcycles. Factories produce gasses that go into the air causing pollution. These things make people's health suffer.

2

To begin with, there are many causes of air pollution. Firstly, there is the use of private cars. This can cause many breathing problems because of fumes. Furthermore, other forms of transport cause air pollution, for example buses, boats and motorcycles. In addition, factories produce gasses that go into the air causing pollution. All in all, these things make people's health suffer.

Coherence

- It makes for easier reading and understanding.

- It is achieved by means of linking devices: words and phrases that link up paragraphs, sentences, and words.

Linking devices

- Each with its own function. 

- They denote a particular relationship between words, sentences and paragraphs. 

- The most commonly used linking words: and, or and but.  

Linking devices

Contrast

For example, 'although', 'despite' etc.

https:

Linking devices

Addition

For example, 'moreover', 'in addition' etc.

Do the exercise by following the link.

https:

Linking devices

Purpose or reason

Expressions like, 'as a result', 'owing to' etc.

Do the exercise by following the link.

https:

Linking devices

Time

Expressions like, 'at first', 'eventually' etc.

Do the exercise by following the link.

https:

Giving examples

for example, for instance, in this case, in another case, take the case of, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take another example, namely, that is, as shown by, as illustrated by, as expressed by.

Pick a linking device to give examples and write a sentence with 'lorry/truck' (FU 33).

Showing similarity

similarly, likewise, in a similar manner, like, in the same way.

Pick a linking device to show similarity and write a sentence with 'harvest/crop' (FU 39).

Repeating ideas

as I have said, in brief, as I have noted, as suggested above, as has been noted.

Pick a linking device to repeat ideas and write a sentence with 'enormous/huge/vast' (FU 42).

Emphasising ideas

definitely, extremely, indeed, absolutely, positively, obviously, naturally, always, never, surprisingly, emphatically, without a doubt, certainly, undeniably, without reservation.

Pick a linking device to emphasise ideas and write a sentence with 'surroundings' (FU 37).

Summarising or concluding ideas

thus, lastly, in brief, in short, on the whole, to sum up, to conclude, in conclusion, as I have shown, as I have said.

Pick a linking device to summarise or conclude ideas and write a sentence with 'gloomy' (FU 46).

Expressing alternatives

or, rather, alternatively, differently put, either . . . or, whether . . . or, as it were.

Pick a linking device to express alternatives and write a sentence with 'forgery/fake/counterfeit' (FU 47).