Review chapter 2.4 7.1 and 7.2

• Aardrijkskunde
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 1

Chapter 2.4 7.1 7.2 (review)

Weather and climate

What is the difference?

Weather is what is happening in the atmosphere at a specific place and time.

Climate is the average weather in a large area during a period of 30 or 40 years.

Landscape zones are characterized by the vegetation  that grows there. 

Savannah: 

Clusters of trees, grass and shrubs

Tundra:

Moss, grass and shrubs

The vegetation is dependent on precipitation and temperature.

A diagram of the average temperature and the average precipitation is called a climate chart.

Red line: the average temperature

Blue bars: the average precipitation

Which climate?

Which climate?

High density

low density

Polar region

New York city

Temperate zone

Earth’s crust is always changing

Natural forces

Exogenic                          Endogenic

change the Earth’s crust                         change the Earth's crust

from the outside                       from the inside

weatering / erosion                             vulcanos/earthquakes

Layers of the earth

Crust: layer we live on, solid and very thin. Made of rocks.

Mantle: thickest layer of the earth, liquid but also moveable. 

 

Layers of the earth

Outer core: liquid also made out of nickel and iron. Cooler around 3000 - 4500 degrees C.

Inner core: solid made out of nickel and iron. Very warm (4000 and 6000 degrees C.)


 

We have two types of tectonic plates:

Oceanic plates:

• Found under oceans, 
• thin (up to 10 kilometres)     but heavier. 
• Made of basalt.

Continental plates:

• Found under continents, 
• thick (up to 75 kilometres)     but lighter. 
• Made of granite.

Three different plate movements

1. Plates move away from each other = divergent movement
2. Plates move toward each other = convergent movement
3. Plates slide alongside each other = transform movement

Transform

* earthshakes

Earth plates slide past each other. That is not gradual, but difficult. Tension is built up. If there is too much tension, the plates will shoot to discharge the tension.

Heavy earthquakes are born.

divergent

Two oceanic plates are moving away from eachother.

Because of the high pressure in the 

mantle, the magma rise up. 

When it comes into contact with 

seawater, the magma solidifies.

A mountain range is created on 

the sea floor.  --> mid-oceanic ridge

convergent

• When two continental plates collide with each other :

              continental plates (lighter) will push each other up.

               --> mountain range

convergent

• When an oceanic plate collide with a continental plate (subduction):

               the heavier oceanic plate will sink back in the mantle. 

               the lighter continental plate will rise up.

--> vulcanos

--> trench

--> mountains

subduction?

Ring of fire

Natural forces change the earth's crust.
Natural forces that change the earth's crust from outside are called ......

1. exogenic forces
2. endogenic forses

Inner core

Crust

Mantle

Outer core

Solid

Very thin

Convection current

Liquid

What causes the magma to flow around in the mantle?

1. The heat in the core of the earth
2. The heat of the sun's rays on the earth

Divergent

Convergent

Transform

What are the effects of plate movements?

I =...........................

II=............................

III=............................

IV=............................

You can explain how a earthquake occurs.

Earth plates slide past each other. Because this is difficult, the tension between the plates is built up. If there is too much tension, the plates will shoot to discharge the tension.

You can name the difference between a epi- and a hypocentre.

Earthquakes start in the Earth’s crust. The deepest point is called the hypocentre. The point on the Earth’s surface right above the hypocentre is called the epicentre. That is where you feel the worst tremors.

You can name how the Richter scale works.

"Scale for measuring the force of an earthquake."

How a tsunami is formed

G 7  Switching scale level

local scale: local 

regional scale: part of a country, province or territory 

national scale: country ,

continental scale: continent ,                          Zooming in

global scale: the world .                                      

                                                                                        Zooming out

Explain how a volcano forms in a subduction zone.

Which scalelevel suits the image?

1. Local
2. continental
3. National
4. regional

Which scale level suits the statement?

The earthquake off the coast of Japan could be felt as far as North America

1. Local
2. Global
3. Continental
4. National