Cette leçon contient 25 diapositives, avec quiz interactifs, diapositives de texte et 2 vidéos.
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4.2 Degradation, pollution & depletion
After studying this section, you will be able to:
Define the three types of environmental problems
Give examples from MEDCs and LEDCs for each type of environmental problem
Slide 1 - Diapositive
Learning objectives
After studying this section, you will be able to:
Define the three types of environmental problems;
Give examples from MEDCs and LEDCs for each type of environmental problem.
Slide 2 - Diapositive
Now first take your time to read 4.2 in your textbook
timer
5:00
Slide 3 - Diapositive
What do we call the introduction of harmful substances into the environment?
A
Depletion
B
Degradation
C
Pollution
D
Fragmentation
Slide 4 - Quiz
What do we call the decrease in size, quality and diversity of the natural landscape?
A
Pollution
B
Depletion
C
Degradation
D
Afforestation
Slide 5 - Quiz
What do we call the process of using natural resources more quickly than they are replenished?
A
Degradation
B
Depletion
C
Pollution
D
Recycling
Slide 6 - Quiz
Depletion
Degradation
Pollution
Slide 7 - Question de remorquage
Talking point: Do you do anything in particular to limit your impact on the environment? What could you do?
Slide 8 - Question ouverte
Fragmentation = A natural landscape which is split, for example through large-scale infrastructure projects.
Slide 9 - Diapositive
Wildlife crossings = A solution to fragmentation by connecting fragmented areas, e.g. by a bridge.
Slide 10 - Diapositive
Causes of desertification
Desertification = a type of soil degradation that takes place on a global scale, predominantly in LEDCs on the edge of deserts.
Caused by climate change and human activity:
Climate change; increasing risk of drought.
Deforestation; a bare landscape is more vulnerable.
Inappropriate farming; crops deplete nutrients in the soil.
Slide 11 - Diapositive
Effects of desertification
Relatively dry regions become infertile;
Reduced diversity in the natural environment;
Soil erosion;
Expansion of the desert.
Slide 12 - Diapositive
Farming on the edge of a desert requires special farming techniques, such as water harvesting in Guinea Bissau in the Sahel.
Slide 13 - Diapositive
Slide 14 - Vidéo
Slide 15 - Vidéo
Pollution in MEDCs
Air pollution is a concern in many MEDCs. There are European regulations for it, but many (Dutch) cities do not meet them.
Car exhaust is a main contributor to a growing problem of poor air quality. Emissions from cars contain tiny dust particles, soot, and nitrogen oxides (NOx); all of these are harmful to human health.
Slide 16 - Diapositive
Low emission zones = An area in cities where older, more polluting cars are not allowed (Picture: Low emission zone in Utrecht. Trouw, 2017).
Slide 17 - Diapositive
Pollution in LEDCs
Environmental laws are less strict in LEDCs:
Worldwide consumption (in NICs and MEDCs) leads to E-waste.
E-waste or electronic waste = waste from discarded mobile phones, computers and televisions.
The waste items are shipped from MEDCs to LEDCs where they are taken apart or burned without protection.
Export is officialy banned by the EU, but still taking place.
Slide 18 - Diapositive
E-waste is exported from MEDCs to LEDCs where it is taken apart or burned without proper protection against harmful materials inside the products.
Slide 19 - Diapositive
Depletion
Overfishing = A form of resource depletion; more fish are caught than can be replenished.
Solutions to manage the fish and the fishermen activities:
EU fishery policy that sets out a quota for how many fish of each species the European countries are allowed to catch.
Licencing of aquaculture: farmed fish.
Overuse of wood in LEDCs. Solutions: Afforestation and reforestation.
Slide 20 - Diapositive
Afforestation = Planting trees where there were previously none.
Reforestation = replanting of trees where trees disappeared.
Slide 21 - Diapositive
Essence
There are three types of environmental problems: degradation, pollution and depletion. Examples can be found in both MEDCs and LEDCs. Degradation can be a result of road construction or poor farming practices. Pollution and depletion are often the result of economic progress, for example air pollution from car usage or e-waste. Depletion occurs when resources are used beyond their natural rate of replenishment, which has been the case with fish and wood.
Slide 22 - Diapositive
Look at the planner in Teams to see which exercises of paragraph 4.2 you have to do.
Slide 23 - Diapositive
Reduce, reuse, recycle
Reduce the amount of waste you produce.
Reuse items as much as you can before replacing them.
Recycle items wherever possible.
Using the 3 'R's helps to minimise the amount of space needed for landfill sites, where waste materials are disposed of.
Slide 24 - Diapositive
Look at the planner in Teams to see which exercises of paragraph 4.2 you have to do.