CH5 sec. 5.3 Causes of modern imperialism

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• Middelbare school
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• Leerjaar 2

Memo havo 2 TTO

CH5 Age of citizens and steam engines

Nationalism en imperialism

sec. 5.3 Causes of modern imperialism

Learning objectives

Main question: what were the motives of European countries in the 19th century to establish large overseas empires?

• You can explain what the causes were of modern imperialism.
  
• You can explain which major region in Asia belonged to England and how it was governed. 
• You know the terms and dates of this section.
  

A world economy

Around 1500, Voyages of discovery by Spain and Portugal.

Three causes:

• Spice trade

• Spread of Christianity (Roman Catholicism)

• Expanding political power

A world economy

Later on merchants from the Republic, France and England joined Spain and Portugal.

• searched for new trade routes

• cartography

• became rich and powerful trading nations

Traded in spices, gold, silver and slaves.

From trading post to empire

In America the Europeans built plantations and colonized the interior.

In Asia and Africa the Europeans built mainly trading posts on the coasts.

From 1870-1914 European countries expanded their regions to establish a colonial empire, this period is called modern imperialism.

Causes of modern imperialism:

• Economic motives
  

-- Raw materials (oil, rubber and cotton).

-- New markets to sell products.

• Technological lead
  

-- Better weapons (Maxim machine gun)

-- Telegraph (longdistance communication)
-- Railroads and fast steamers (Suez  canal) .

• Power and status

-- Conquest of colonies helped gain respect.

• Civilisation and development

-- Spread of Christianity

-- Superiority thinking led to civilisation offensive. Educate and develop other peoples. Schools, railroads, legal system , abolitionism.

British India

Around 1600, English East India Company established trading posts in India.

Company performed administrative and military duties (own army!).

1857 Major rebellion started by sepoys against the East India Company.

Rebellion was brutally crushed by the English.

British India

1858 British government took over regions from East India Company and turned them into a colony.

British army continued to

expand the colony.

1877 Queen Victoria became

 empress of British India.

Consisted of present-day India, Pakistan, Myanmar and Sri Lanka.

British India

British India in numbers

• 1,000 British civil servants
• 40,000 British soldiers
• 250,000,000 people

English made use of native rulers and local administrators.

Trade remained important. English bought raw materials (cotton, jute, tea and indigo) and sold cotton fabrics. Enforced favourable trading conditions.

Get to work

What? See whiteboard.

How? Alone 

Help? Ask neighbour. Can't figure it out? Ask teacher. 

Time? Until the end of the lesson. 

Done? Learn terms and dates. Ask teacher.