4.5 Roman-Germanic contacts

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Last lesson

4.4 The rise of Christianity

What kind of faiths are Judaism and Christianity?

1. Polystheistic
2. Monotheistic

Explain what attracted people to Christianity.

Why did many Romans hate the Christians in the beginning?

Explain why religious tolerance in the empire ended in 392 AD.

Before the arrival of the Romans, the Netherlands....

• A harsh area of swamps and forests.
  
• A agricultural society
• In the Southern Netherlands the Celts lived
  
• Germanic people live in the northern netherlands

Romans in the Netherlands

The Celts were subdued by Julius Ceasar, after a revolt the Romans ask Germanic Batavians to settle in the area between the Maas and Rhine rivers. 

The Rhine as border

Germanic tribes are too strong for the Romans. Roman expansion comes to an end The Rhine becomes the border of the empire. The Romans form an alliance with the Batavians.

Limes:

• Limes: fortified northern border of the Roman Empire.
• Why?: Easy to defend an to transport goods.
• Romans built forts along the Rhine to protect the border.

Why did the Limes (Rhine) become the border of the Roman Empire?

Roman influence

• Founding of cities (Utrecht, Nijmegen, Maastricht)
• Romanisation: adopting Greco-Roman culture
  
• End of prehistory in the Southern Netherlands, Romans teach inhabitants of the Southern Netherlands to write

Romanisation

Explanation: A German invites a Roman to his home

(Use this image for the next question)

Why does the image fit with romanisation?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Batavians settled in the Netherlands

The Celts rebelled

The Celts were murdered, expelled or deported by the Romans.

Romans conquered southern Netherlands

Romans asked Germanic people to settle in the area.

4.5 Roman-Germanic contacts

Time of Greeks and Romans

Succescriteria

You can explain:

• How Romans and people of the south of the Netherlands treated each other.
• How the Rhine became the nothern border of the empire.

Succescriteria

You can explain:

• What influence the Romans had on life in the south of the Netherlands.
• How the Western Roman empire ended.

395 AD. Split of the empire

The Western-Roman empire

•  Language: Latin
• Capital: Rome
• Many fights over the power in Rome
• Ends in: 476 AD
  

The Eastern-Roman empire

• Language: Greeks
• Capital: Constantinople (now: Istanbul)
  
• Ends in: 1453 AD. (Byzantine Empire)

The end.... 

Causes:

• infectious diseases reduce the number of people living in the country, which in turn reduces production and trade. (Example: Coronavirus and China now)
• Migrations.
• Bad emperors who are mainly concerned with their own quarrels (civil wars) and with feasts
• The limes is being neglected
• Germanic peoples succeed in invading the empire by force.

Great migrations

The real end

Vandals --> plunder the city of Rome several times.

In 476 AD, a non-Roman general becomes emperor, with this we (history people) consider that the end of the Roman Empire has come.

What is NOT a cause of the fall of the Western Roman Empire?

1. Pandemics
2. Migration
3. Decreasing amount of soldiers
4. A border conflict with Germanic tribes

Aan de slag

Wat: Lezen 4.5 (blz.81) en maken opdracht 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 (blz.

103)

Klaar: Werken aan samenvattingsdossier (Classroom)