World War 1 recap

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Recap

The armed peace

Europe around 1900 was peaceful and prosperous, but...

The major countries were building up large armies

Industrialisation and imperialism drove competition

Industrialisation

Railways

Telegraphs

Mass production

Assembly lines

Industrialisation

Bicycles, cars, trains. People moved around quicker and more

Newspapers

Growing lower class, social unrests

Child labour, slums, poverty, disease

Nationalism

Creating a national identity

Alternative to religious or class identity

Common language, culture, history

Superiority belief

Nationalism

1848: revolution year

France, Germany, Italy...

The Netherlands?

The answer to further revolutions was nationalism

Imperialism

Evolution of 17th century trade-colonialism

European powers created overseas empires

Scramble for Africa

Large areas of seemingly useless land

Why the desire for large colonial empires?

Imperialism

Imperialism

Large colonies provided new markets for industrial products

Large colonies gave national prestige

Social darwinism. Prison colonies for 'undesirables'

Imperialism

Germany is late to the colonial party

'place under the sun'

Jealousy and amnity between the colonial powers

Grievances

France resents Germany for the war of 1870

Germany resents Britain and France for their colonies

Britain and Germany get into naval arms race

Alliances

Triple entente: France, Russia, and Britain

Central powers: Germany, Austro-Hungary, Ottoman empire

Why?

Assassination

June 28th 1914:
Austro-Hungarian archduke and heir to the throne, Franz Ferdinand, is shot dead in Sarajevo by a Bosnian Serb
Why?

Modern warfare

Machineguns

Barbed wire

Poison gas

Planes

Tanks

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