Review lesson

Review lesson
Reproduction
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Slide 1: Diapositive
BiologieMiddelbare schoolhavo, vwoLeerjaar 1

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Review lesson
Reproduction

Slide 1 - Diapositive

Male reproductive system
  1. sperm duct: transports sperm from the epididymis to the urethra
  2. seminal vesicle gland: produces liquid that forms semen together with the sperm cells
  3. prostate: produces liquid that forms semen together with the sperm cells
  4. epididymis: stores sperm cells until they are needed
  5. testicle: produces the sperm cells and the hormone testosterone



Slide 2 - Diapositive

Male reproductive system
6. scrotum: keeps the testicles outside the body at a lower body temperature. (1 or 2 degrees) better for sperm production and survival
7. penis: this is meant for sex, it has this shape to be able to deliver the sperm cells as far into the female body as possible.
8. bladder: stores urine that has come from the kidneys
9. urethra: moves urine and semen out of the body
10. glans: the sensitive part of the penis
11. foreskin: this covers and protects the glans 

Slide 3 - Diapositive

Female reproductive system
  • 1. oviduct (fallopian tube): transports the ova to the uterus
  • 2. ovary: produces the ova (eggs) and the hormones estrogen and progesterone
  • 3a. uterus: is like a large sack that holds the developing baby
  • 3b. uterus wall: thick wall on the outside of the uterus made of muscles
  • 3c. cervix: the entrance to the uterus from the vagina
  • 4. vagina: the opening of the woman's body where the penis fits in.
  • 5. hymen: the half-open covering to the entrance of the vagina.
  • 6. bladder: store urine that comes from the kidneys

Slide 4 - Diapositive

Female reproductive system
  • 7. urethra: the tube that move urine out of the body
  • 8. clitoris: the sensitive part of the female reproductive system, this works the same as the glans with men.
  • 9. inner labia: produces mucus to protect the reproductive organs and also lubricates the area during sex.
  • 10. outer labia: this helps protect the reproductive organs.

Slide 5 - Diapositive

Sexual development
  • Primary sexual characteristics: characteristics that you are born with
  • Secondary sexual characteristics: develop later in life, usually during puberty
   Caused by the production of hormones

Slide 6 - Diapositive

What are hormones?
  • These are chemicals that slowly change things in our bodies
  • They are transported through our blood

Slide 7 - Diapositive

Male secondary sexual characteristics
Hormone = testosterone

  • Growth of hair
  • Growth of penis and testicles
  • Enlargment of Adam's apple
  • deepeing of the voice
  • Increased muscles and strength
  • Increased secretions of oil and sweat -> acne & body odor

Slide 8 - Diapositive

Female secondary sexual characteristics
Hormone = Estrogen & Progesterone

  • Breasts and nipples grow bigger
  • Body hair 
  • Widening of the hips
  • More fat deposists (thighs, hips and buttocks)
  • Ovulation and menstruation start
  • Increased secretions oil and sweat -> odor and acne

Slide 9 - Diapositive

What is menstruation?
  • Release of blood from the uterus through the vagina
  • Start around age 12

Slide 10 - Diapositive

How does it happen? 
  • Hormones estrogen en progesterone build up uterus lining

  • Fertilized egg could attach to this

  • No fertilized egg? --> Lining is shed

  • cylce: it happens over and over again (450 times in a life time)

Slide 11 - Diapositive

4 Phases
  • Phase 1 (day 1-5) : menstruation
  • Uterus lining is shed through the vagina (no fertilized egg)

  • Phase 2 (day 6-12): repair phase
  • uterus lining build new layer of mucus
  • new egg cell develops in the ovary

Slide 12 - Diapositive

4 Phases
  • Phase 3: Ovulation (day 13-15)
  • A new ova is released and send down the oviduct

  • Phase 4: Receptive phase (day 16 - 28)
  • Uterus lining grows to form a 'nest' for the egg cell
  • No fertilized egg cell? --> cycle starts again!

Slide 13 - Diapositive

Fertilisation
Gametes are sex cells
  • sperm and egg (ova) 
  • contain half the DNA of regular body cells 

  • Fertilisation = melting together of sperm and egg cell
  • Zygote = 'baby cell' sperm and egg cell melted together
  • Embryo = when cells starts to multiply



Slide 14 - Diapositive

Slide 15 - Diapositive

How do cells multiply? 
Body cells
'clones'
Sex cells
sperm and egg 'different'

Slide 16 - Diapositive

Pregnancy
  • Placenta
  • spongy mass of blood vessels
  • transport oxygen, nutrients & carbon dioxide

  • Amniotic sac
  • membrane around the fetus filled with water
  • protects the fetus

  • Umbilical cord
  • connection placenta to fetus

Slide 17 - Diapositive

Childbirth
-Amniotic sac breaks
-after 9 months / 40 weeks

Muscles of the uterus contract
  • Dilation contractions - open up the cervix
  • Pushing contractions - uterus pushes the baby out

after 15 min. -> afterbirth (placenta + amniotic sac)

Slide 18 - Diapositive

Contraceptives
  • Chemical method
  • Natural method
  • Sterilization
  • Intrauterine methods
  • Emergency contraception
  • Barrier method

Slide 19 - Diapositive

Chemical methods
  • Spermicides (zaaddodend middel)
  • Pill (de pil)
  • Patch (hormoonpleister)
  • Injection (hormooninjectie)
  • Rods (hormoon implantaat)
  • Ring (NuvaRing)

Slide 20 - Diapositive

Natural methods
  • Coitus interruptus (voor het zingen de kerk uit)
  • Rhythm (periodiek onthouding)

Slide 21 - Diapositive

Sterilisation
  • Tubal ligation (females)
  • Vasectomy (males)

Slide 22 - Diapositive

Intrauterine method
  • IUD (intra uterine device): copper or hormones
  • spiraaltje 

Slide 23 - Diapositive

Emergency contraception
  • Plan B ( morning after pill)
  • Abortion pill

Slide 24 - Diapositive

Barrier methods
  • Male condom
  • Female condom
  • Diaphragm (pessarium)

Slide 25 - Diapositive

Slide 26 - Diapositive

Slide 27 - Diapositive

Slide 28 - Diapositive

What determines the beginning of the menstruation cycle?
A
Release of blood through the vagina
B
The release of the egg cell from the ovaries
C
The growing of the uterus lining
D
The cycle can start anytime

Slide 29 - Quiz

In which part of the female reproductive system do the ova (egg cells) develop?
A
Fallopian tube/Oviduct
B
Ovaries
C
Uterus
D
Vagina

Slide 30 - Quiz

In which part of the female reproductive system does the fertilised egg cell grow into a baby?
A
Fallopian tube/Oviduct
B
Ovaries
C
Uterus
D
Vagina

Slide 31 - Quiz

On which day in the cycle does ovulation occur?
A
Day 1
B
Day 14
C
Day 20
D
Day 28

Slide 32 - Quiz

What is shed during the menstruation of a female?
A
The ovaries
B
The egg cell
C
The uterus lining
D
Nothing

Slide 33 - Quiz

The cycle is for everyone the same. It is always 28 days.
A
True
B
False

Slide 34 - Quiz

How long does an released egg cell survive?
A
15 days
B
4 days
C
about an hour
D
1-2 days

Slide 35 - Quiz

How do we call the release of an egg cell into the oviduct?
A
Fertilization
B
Ovulation
C
Pregnancy
D
Contraceptive

Slide 36 - Quiz

Which characteristics are present at birth?
A
Primary sexual characteristics
B
Secondary sexual characteristics

Slide 37 - Quiz

Which characteristics develop during puberty?
A
Primary sexual characteristics
B
Secondary sexual characteristics

Slide 38 - Quiz

How do organisms develop secondary sexual characteristics?
A
Under the influence of hormones
B
Under the influence of the weather
C
Under the influence of gravity

Slide 39 - Quiz

What is a primary sexual characteristic of a man?
A
a beard
B
stronger muscles
C
a penis
D
stronger body smell

Slide 40 - Quiz

What is a primary sexual characteristic of a woman?
A
breasts
B
menstruation
C
a vagina
D
stronger body smell

Slide 41 - Quiz

Vagina
Cervix
Uterus wall
Oviduct
Ovary
Uterus

Slide 42 - Question de remorquage

What organ is letter D?
A
Uterus
B
Bladder
C
Vagina
D
Oviduct

Slide 43 - Quiz

What organ is letter A?
A
Uterus
B
Bladder
C
Vagina
D
Oviduct

Slide 44 - Quiz