In search for a new route (2.2)

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Time of discoverers and reformers

What do you remember about The Middle Ages?

The Middle Ages

• Time of Monks and Knights 500-1000
• Time of Cities and States 1000-1500
• Together:
• Historical period: The Middle Ages
• The period of a thousand years (500 - 1500) between the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the emergence of the Renaissance

Western-Europe around the year 1000

• Agricultural production goes up due to inventions like the three-field system .
• European countries and people become more wealthy.
• More money available for luxury goods.

If you were a rich merchant in the Middle Ages, on what would you spend your money? Explain your answer.

Name 2 visual elements/aspects of the source that caught your eye.

The Crusades

• A crusade is a Christian military campaign to gain control over the Holy Land (Israel / Palestine) from the Muslims.
• The pope was the person to call upon people to go on a crusade.
• First one took place in 1095.

Is this video a reliable source? Explain why or why not (minimum 3 sentences)

Contact with the Middle East

• Due to the crusades, there was increased contact with  countries from the Middle East.
• This allowed greater access to new trade products.
• The Italian trading cities of Genoa and Venice became incredibly wealthy during this time.

Genua

Venice

Why would Genoa and Venice have been so suitable for trade? Explain your answer.

Spices

Spices

• Did not grow in Europe and were brought from Asia.
• Used to add more flavor to food.
• You could use it to preserve food longer.
• An incredible luxury product.

Why would spices be so valuable in Europe during the 15th century? Explain your answer.

The Silk Road

Jerusalem

•  Jerusalem was the most important trade connection to the Asian world in the 15th century.
• The Turks controlled it and raised the prices for Europeans.
  
• Result: Europeans want their own connection to the Asian world
  
• Start going on more expeditions
  

Tijd voor Geschiedenis

Read section 2.2.1

Do question 1 and 2

In search of a new route

• European countries seek a faster route to Asia in the late 15th century.
• There are several causes/motives for this:
• 1: Economy
• 2: Religion (faith)
• 3: Politics
• 4: Technology
• 5: Knowledge

Economy

• After the conquest of Jerusalem by the Turks, trading became much more expensive for the Europeans. 
• The Turks were able to set the price for goods
• If the Europeans were able to get the trade goods themselves the could set the price and make more money.

Religion

• Europeans were eager to spread Christianity throughout the world.
• This was a biblical mandate, according to clergymen.
• This was done with the help of missionaries.

Politics

• European monarchs had the opportunity to expand their power through expansion.
• The more territory a monarch controlled in other places, the greater his influence would be there and in Europe.

Tools

• New tools could be found in Arabia and Asia to help the Europeans
  
• For example new navigational tools and gunpowder.

Knowledge

• Knowledge from new maps
• Lost information about the Classical Times/Antiquity 

What do you know about Columbus?

Video

De ontdekkingsreizen van Columbus (Dutch)

Take notes in English!

Why might Native Americans living today be uncomfortable with Columbus Day as it has been celebrated through most of the 20th century? Explain your answer.

Do humanity’s moral standards change with time, or are there certain things that would shock people in any era? Explain your answer.

• Go to paragraph 2.2
• Do: 1, 2 (this was previous homework(
• And 4, 5, 6 and 7