3.3 Changes in science

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Watch the following video. 

Write down at least 5 facts that your teacher mentioned during the explanation (or that are in par 3.2)

3.3 Changes in science

Watch the following video: Explain what the scientific revolution is....(where,when,why,what,who, how)

3.3 Changes in science

Memorygame......

Before the 17th century, scientific knowledge mostly came from the Greeks, Romans and Arabs. Their texts were quite often wrongly translated or misunderstood. Philosophers in the 17th century decided they wanted to do their own scientific studies to see if the ancient texts were correct. They were inspired by the free thinkers of the Renaissance and the humanists. This changed the way they saw the world significantly and how people would look at mankind and nature. This new increased interest in knowledge is what we call the scientific revolution. Two new ways of approaching science came up: empirical thinking and rationalism.

Memorygame......

Before the 17th century, scientific knowledge mostly came from the Greeks, Romans and Arabs. Their texts were quite often wrongly translated or misunderstood. Philosophers in the 17th century decided they wanted to do their own scientific studies to see if the ancient texts were correct. They were inspired by the free thinkers of the Renaissance and the humanists. This changed the way they saw the world significantly and how people would look at mankind and nature. This new increased interest in knowledge is what we call the scientific revolution. Two new ways of approaching science came up: empirical thinking and rationalism.

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Scientific Revolution

Rationalism: Research based on reasoning and logic.

Empirical thinking: Research based on observation and experiments.

Results of research led to knowledge about laws of nature (= how the world works).

Scientific Revolution

Galileo

Built a telescope. Found scientific evidence that the Earth revolves around the sun, heliocentrism.

Newton

Combined rationalism and empirical thinking. Discovered that the Earth pulls objects down with the force of gravity.

Scientific Revolution

Many scholars lived in the Republic in the 17th century. Science flourished.

• 1575 University of Leiden founded.
  
• No censorship, scientists were free to publish theories and ideas. New insights spread quickly.
  
• Many foreign scholars moved to the Republic.

Scientific Revolution

Huygens 

Discovered that light consists of waves. Invented the pendulum clock. Designed a telescope and discovered, for example, a moon near the planet Saturn. Famous mathematician.

Van Leeuwenhoek 

Discovered microorganisms, such as sperm cells and bacteria, using a homemade microscope.

Religion and Science

'-You can be catholic, but don't act catholic.' 

- You were only allowed to be catholic, but most people accepted that their neigbour's had a different belief.  (Tolerance)......

Mechanical worldview = god as a clockmaker

Van Leeuwenhoek

Jan Steen

Johannes Vermeer

Het melk meisje

Rembrandt van Rijn

The Night Watch

Time to work.....

• Read par 3.3
• Make par 3.3
• Prepare for the upcoming test !!

A Descartes                                            1 Founder of empirical thinking

B Antonie van Leeuwenhoek          2 Rings of Saturn

C Bacon                                                    3 Founder of rationalism

D Christaan Huygens                         4 Microscope

E Newton                                                 5 reasoning

F Empirical thinking                            6 observation/ experiments.

G Rationalism                                         7 study of gravity

When did a new view of science emerge?

1. 15th century
2. 16th century
3. 17th century
4. 18th century

What wasn't a cause for the new view on science?

1. Examining nature and the human body
2. Voyages of discovery
3. Using the Bible as a source for scientific knowledge
4. Doubting whether some of the knowledge from old books was correct

Which two ways of doing research led to the Scientific Revolution?

1. empirical thinking and the Renaissance
2. empirical thinking and rationalism
3. positivism and the Renaissance
4. positivism and rationalism

What wasn't a cause of science flourishing in the Republic?

1. censorship
2. arrival of foreign scholars
3. University of Leiden founded
4. freedom of conscience

Who discovered the heliocentric view?

1. Galileo
2. Huygens
3. Newton
4. Van Leeuwenhoek

Who discovered microorganisms using a homemade microscope?

1. Galileo
2. Huygens
3. Newton
4. Van Leeuwenhoek