CH1 sec. 1.5 Scientific revolution

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CH1. The age of regents and rulers

The Golden Age

sec. 1.5 Scientific Revolution

Learning objectives

1) I can explain how a new view of science emerged in the 16th century.

2) I can name two research methods that caused the scientific revolution.

3) I can describe the new (revolutionary) way of scientific thinking, using an example.

Terms and dates

Scientific Revolution

Antiquity > Natural philosophy ancient Greeks. Geocentrism (sun revolves around earth)

Middle Ages > Bible and Christianity increasingly important. According to the Bible the Earth was the creation of God and the center of the universe.

Scientific Revolution

16th century > New perspective on science during the Renaissance. Scholars ...

• doubted whether some of the knowledge from old books was correct (humanism). 
• learned because of the voyages of discovery about unknown animals, plants and peoples. 
• would examine nature and the human body themselves. 

Between 1600 and 1700 many scientific discoveries > Scientific Revolution.

Scientific Revolution

Two ways of doing research:

Rationalism: Research based on reasoning and logic.

Empirical thinking: Research based on observation and experiments.

Results of research led to knowledge about laws of nature (= how the world works).

Scientific Revolution

Galileo

Built a telescope. Found scientific evidence that the Earth revolves around the sun, heliocentrism.

Newton

Combined rationalism and empirical thinking. Discovered that the Earth pulls objects down with the force of gravity.

When did a new view of science emerge?

1. 15th century
2. 16th century
3. 17th century
4. 18th century

What wasn't a cause for the new view on science?

1. Examining nature and the human body
2. Voyages of discovery
3. Using the Bible as a source for scientific knowledge
4. Doubting whether some of the knowledge from old books was correct

Which two ways of doing research led to the Scientific Revolution?

1. empirical thinking and the Renaissance
2. empirical thinking and rationalism
3. positivism and the Renaissance
4. positivism and rationalism

Scientific Revolution

Many scholars lived in the Republic in the 17th century. Science flourished.

• 1575 University of Leiden founded.
  
• No censorship, scientists were free to publish theories and ideas. New insights spread quickly.
  
• Many foreign scholars moved to the Republic.

Scientific Revolution

Huygens 

Discovered that light consists of waves. Invented the pendulum clock. Designed a telescope and discovered, for example, a moon near the planet Saturn. Famous mathematician.

Van Leeuwenhoek 

Discovered microorganisms, such as sperm cells and bacteria, using a homemade microscope.

Scientific Revolution

Spinoza

Critical of Christianity/ religion, for example stories about miracles in the Bible.

Miracles impossible, because for everything there should be a logical cause in nature.

Spinoza's ideas were unusual. Most scholars felt that their discoveries were evidence of God existed.

What wasn't a cause of science flourishing in the Republic?

1. censorship
2. arrival of foreign scholars
3. University of Leiden founded
4. tolerance

Wie ontdekte dat de aarde om de zon draait en niet andersom?

1. Galileo
2. Huygens
3. Newton
4. Van Leeuwenhoek

Who discovered microorganisms using a homemade microscope?

1. Galileo
2. Huygens
3. Newton
4. Van Leeuwenhoek

Most scholars in the Republic didn't believe in God anymore.

1. true
2. false

Learning objectives

1) I can explain how a new view of science emerged in the 16th century.

2) I can name two research methods that caused the scientific revolution.

3) I can describe the new (revolutionary) way of scientific thinking, using an example.

Terms and dates

Get to work

What? See whiteboard.

How? Alone 

Help? Ask neighbour. Can't figure it out? Ask teacher. 

Time? Until the end of the lesson. 

Done? Learn terms and dates. Ask teacher.