Les b1ft dinsdag 29-11-2022 par 3.5 Greek Conflict

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 1

Checking homework

Take out your homework, you guys made exercises 4, 7, 9.

Exercise 4:

• Complete the key that goes with the image below.

1. Tympanum, the triangular at the top of the temple.
2. Used to show stories and honour the gods. 
3. Pillars kept the temple upright.
4. Plateau with stairs so that people could get up.

Exercise 7

Exercise 9

• A) What does it say about the Greek philosophers, that they tried to find out what is real?
• They were very curious, they wanted to know if they could influence the gods & they wanted to know what the gods really did. 

Exercise 9

• B) Was this a religious or a scientific idea? Or both?
•  Scientific
• C) When the Greeks calculated the circumference of the Earth, what fact must they have known? 
• Eratosthenes recognized Earth as a sphere in space

§3.5: Greek conflict

The Greco-Persian Wars/ The Persian Wars

• Series of wars during 5th century BC.
• Wars between Greek City-States and Persia.

Huge empire 

Causes of the Persian Wars

• 499 BC: Greek cities in Asia Minor rebel against Persian Rule.
• They asked Athens for help.
• Persian king Darius won.  

Darius the great ruled the Persian Empire at its territorial peak and was considered to be a military genius and a great leader.

The battle at Marathon

• Darius wanted to conquer Thrace.  
• But first Darius wanted to punish Athens.
• 492 BC: Battle at Marathon.

When the Greeks heard that the Persian Army landed at marathon they decided not to wait in Athens but to surprise the Persians in their camp. Thus, an army of 10,000 men advanced towards Marathon

Athens asked Sparta for help, bc the Spartans had the best army of ancient Greece, they wanted to help but they needed to wait for a few days bc they were in the middle of a big fest to honour Apollo. Who wouldn't like it if the celebration stopped too early..... 

492 BC: The battle at Marathon

• 11.000 'Greek' soldiers VS 15.000 Persian soldiers 

The second Persian War 

• King Darius was succeeded by his son Xerxes in 486 BC.
• Xerxes wanted to prove himself... 
• Athens and Sparta united to fight Persia.
• Spartan king Leonidas.

The second Persian War 

• Spartan king Leonidas wanted to stop the Persian army at the mountain pass Thermopylae.   

480 BC: Naval battle of Salamis

• After the destruction of Athens a great naval battle was fought at Salamis.

The Greek ships, heavier and sturdier, won by ramming the Persian ships, which were designed for greater maneuverability but lacked the open water they needed.

The Peloponnesian Wars

• After the Persian Wars Athens and Sparta quickly drifted apart again.
• They both started alliances with other poleis. 
• Athens started the naval Delian League.

The Peloponnesian Wars

• Athens started to 'steal' Spartan allies.....
• Delian League became an Athenian Empire
• 431 -> WAR 

The Peloponnesian War

•  430 BC, a plague struck the city of Athens.
• 421 BC, Stalemate & Peace.

The Peloponnesian War

• But in 415 BC the fighting continued.  
• Fighting over Syracuse.
• Athens sent a huge army.
• Back in Greece Sparta attacked Attica.
• In 404 BC Athens surrendered.

Effects of the war...

• Sparta did not have enough Spartans to occupy Greece.
•  Athens was allowed to regrow.
• The war proved one important thing
• Greece was ready to be ruled by one strong polis.... 

Checking study goals:

• Why did the first Persian War break out? Who won this war?
• Why did the second Persian War break out? Who won this war?
• What happened at Thermopylae? And what happened at Salamis?
• What was the end result of the Peloponsian Wars?

Homework Friday 2 December  

Make exercises: 2, 6, 7, 8