Perming lesson two

• Hairdressing
• Higher Education (non-degree)

Perming lesson two

What can happen if the hair test is failed?

1. Enhanced hair health
2. Improved hair texture
3. Stronger hair strands
4. Damage to the hair

What should you advise the client to do after failing the hair test?

1. Advise the client to color their hair
2. Advice a series of penetrating conditioning treatments
3. Advise the client to avoid conditioning treatments
4. Advise the client to use heat styling tools

What is a potential consequence of failing to take appropriate action?

1. Desired result not achieved
2. Client becoming a regular customer
3. Client receiving a discount
4. Client recommending your service

What can you identify by completing the tests?

1. The client's hair color preference
2. Client's favorite hair products
3. If the service can be carried out
4. The client's preferred hairstyle

What should you do if the client fails the hair test?

1. Proceed with the service
2. Offer the client another service
3. Inform a more senior person
4. Ignore the test results

The science of perming

• Active ingredients in perming and neutralising products
  
• The effects on the hair structure
• The stages of a perm

There is only one type of perm solution?

True

False

Acid vs Alkaline perm

Acid

Alkaline

Neutral

Hair's PH

Alkaline perm

• Main ingredient is - AMMONIA THIOGLYCOLLATE
• Best for all hair types - Resistant, normal and tinted. 

Acid Perm

• Main ingredient is - GLYCEROL MONOTHIOGLYCOLLATE
• Kinder to the hair.
• More clients suffer allergic reactions to acid perms 

Neutraliser

• Main ingredient is - Hydrogen peroxide
• Some contain sodium bromate
• The hydrogen peroxide can cause some coloured hair to fade after perming. 

What can the main ingredient in neutraliser cause to coloured hair?

1. Kinder to the hair
2. Ammonia thioglycolate
3. Allergic reactions
4. Fade after perming

What is the main ingredient in acid perm?

1. Glycerol monothioglycolate
2. Sodium bromate
3. Hydrogen peroxide
4. Ammonia thioglycolate

Which type of perm is best for all hair types?

1. Acid perm
2. Ammonia thioglycolate
3. Neutraliser
4. Alkaline perm

What protein is the main component of hair?

1. Collagen
2. Elastin
3. Fibrin
4. Keratin

What forms the molecular structure of hair?

1. Dyes and pigments
2. Amino acids and peptide bonds
3. Silicone and polymers
4. Alcohols and aldehydes

Hair is made from: 

• Amino acid
• Peptide bonds

What holds the polypeptide chains together?

• Permanent bonds
• Temporary bonds 

What are the 3 bonds found in hair?

1. Disulfide
2. Hydrogen
3. Peptide
4. Salt

Hydrogen bonds

Salt bonds

Disulphide bonds

Broken down with heat and water

Broken down with changes to PH

Broken down with chemicals 

Hair chains

• Temporary bonds hold the peptide chains in place along the length of the coils.
• The permanent bonds (disulphide) hold the polypeptide chains in place from left to right. 

Cystine molecule means disulphide bond

What are the three stages of a perm?

Stages of a perm

Softening stage

•  Opens the cuticle layer to allow the perm lotion to penetrate the cortex
• Begins to soften the disulphide bonds
• Adds hydrogen to the hair.

As the disulphide bonds are broken by the hydrogen, 

the cystine molecule is reduced into two cysteine 

molecules.​

Moulding stage

• During the perm the hair is softened and starts to take on a new shape.
• Moulds to the new shape of the perm rod
• When chemically re-arranging, the hair is softened by cream to prepare the T4 hair for a perm. 

Fixing stage

• Neutraliser is added to permanently fix the hair in its new shape.
• Neutraliser adds oxygen which combines with the hydrogen to the cysteine molecules which creates H20.

What is the purpose of the neutraliser in the fixing stage?

1. Open the cuticle layer
2. Permanently fix the hair in its new shape
3. Soften the disulphide bonds
4. Add hydrogen to the hair

What happens during the moulding stage of a perm?

1. Hair starts to take on a new shape
2. Hair is washed
3. Cystine molecule is reduced
4. Cuticle layer is opened

• The H20 molecules leave the cysteine molecules. 
• This allows the recreation of one cysteine molecules. 
• The hair is now in its newly formed permanently bonded shape.
  

What is the end result of the fixing stage in a perm?

1. Hair becomes straight
2. Hair becomes more oily
3. Hair becomes more porous
4. Hair is now in its newly formed permanently bonded shape

What does the neutraliser do in the fixing stage of a perm?

1. Adds oxygen which combines with the hydrogen to the cysteine molecules creating H20
2. Adds silicone to the hair
3. Removes oxygen from the hair
4. Reduces the hair's elasticity

What is the function of the fixing stage in a perm?

1. Adds volume to the hair
2. Removes all the hair's moisture
3. Changes the hair color
4. Neutraliser is added to permanently fix the hair in its new shape

What happens during the moulding stage of a perm?

1. Hair is straightened using a flat iron
2. Hair is softened and starts to take on a new shape
3. Hair is dried with a blow dryer
4. Hair is cut into layers

What is the purpose of the softening stage in a perm?

1. Strengthens the hair shaft
2. Opens the cuticle layer to allow the perm lotion to penetrate the cortex
3. Straightens the hair
4. Adds color to the hair