2425 Sexual reproduction - BS3

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

After today you can...

- explain how sperm cells and egg cells are formed

- describe the menstrual cycle

Concepts: 

Sperm cells, epididymides, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, semen, egg cells, ovulation, endometrium, embryo, menstruation, menstruation cycle, menopause, sanitary pads, menstruation underwear, tampon, menstrual cup.

Fill in the gaps
During puberty teenagers experience both [1] and [2] changes. Sex hormones are responsible for these changes. Sex hormones are made by the [3], this gland is part of the brain. The hormones transport from the brain with the [4] as transport system.
In females the hormone named [5] is produced by the pituitary gland. In males [6] is produced. By intersex persons both [6] and [7] is produced.
Examples of secundary sex charasteristics are [8], [9], [10]

Male reproductive organ + cells

• Route of sperm cells:
  testis -> epididymis -> sperm duct -> urethra 
• Seminal vesicle and prostate add fluid  

Female reproduction organ + cells

• Each month an eggs ripe in the ovary
• A ripe egg enters the fallopian tube = ovulation
• An egg cell meets a sperm cell in the fallopian tube = fertilization 

Period

Menstruation

Loss of endometrium (baarmoederslijmvlies) and blood trough the vagina 
NO EGGS

fact

fake

Girls carry all egg cells since birth in their ovaries

all healthy women have a menstrual cycle

the menstruation blood contains an egg cell 

the length of the menstrual cycle differs per individual

the average age for the first menstruation is 14 years

Menstrual cycle

1. Menstruation

2. Follicle phase (eggs cell ripen) 

3. Ovulation

4. Luteal phase (build up of endometrium)

Phase 1: Menstruation

Loss of endometrium (baarmoederslijmvlies) and blood trough the vagina 
NO EGG CELLS

Phase 2: Follicle phase

• Phase 2: Follicle phase (day 6-12)
• A new egg cell develops in the ovary
• Egg cell is surrounded by a follicle 
• Start grow endometrium 

Phase 3: ovulation

• 1 or 2 egg cell(s) is/are released from the follicle 
•  The egg cell is released and send down the fallopian tube
• Egg cell survives 24 hours 

Phase 4: luteal phase

• The body prepares for pregnancy
• Endometrium (uterus lining) grows to make a "nest" for the fertilized egg
• No fertilization? Menstruation starts again

What determines the beginning of the menstruation cycle?

1. Release of blood through the vagina
2. The release of the egg cell from the ovaries
3. The growing of the uterus lining
4. The cycle can start anytime

In which part of the female reproductive system do the ova (egg cells) develop?

1. Fallopian tube/Oviduct
2. Ovaries
3. Uterus
4. Vagina

In which part of the female reproductive system does the fertilised egg cell grow into a baby?

1. Fallopian tube/Oviduct
2. Ovaries
3. Uterus
4. Vagina

On which day in the cycle does ovulation occur?

1. Day 1
2. Day 14
3. Day 20
4. Day 28

What is shed during the menstruation of a female?

1. The ovaries
2. The egg cell
3. The uterus lining
4. Nothing

The cycle is for everyone the same. It is always 28 days.

1. True
2. False

Abnormal periods

• Need to change your tampon etc every two hour or more? 
• Too much pain to go to school or to play sports 
• Pain that every month increase
• Go to your GP!
• More information:
• https://ongewoonongesteld.nl/ 

Menstruation products

After today you can...

- explain how sperm cells and egg cells are formed

- describe the menstrual cycle

Concepts: 

Sperm cells, epididymides, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, semen, egg cells, ovulation, endometrium, embryo, menstruation, menstruation cycle, menopause, sanitary pads, menstruation underwear, tampon, menstrual cup.

Homework

Welcome!

• Throwback basic 3 
• Instruction basic 4
• First time sex 
• sex quiz

Remember this

In pairs: 

write down what happen at the four different phases of the menstrual cycle

After today you can...

- name the characteristics of sperm cells and egg cells.

- describe the fertilization of a human egg cell.

WARNING: NOT ALL LEARNING GOALS OF BASIC 4 ARE INCLUDED 

Concepts: 

Sperm cell ,egg cell, erection, sexual intercourse (vaginal), fertilization, fertile period, 

Egg cell vs sperm cell 

• Egg cell is the largest cell of the body
• Egg cell contains food reserves
• Both egg cell and serm cell contains  genetic material

Fertilization

• During fertilization, the nuclei of a male sex cell and a female sex cell fuse together. This happens in the fallopian tube.

Fertile window

• Egg cell is alive for 24 hours
• Sperm cells are alive for 5 days 
• Fertile window is the time that a women is fertile and is around six days  

Sexual aroused 

• a feeling of turned on. 
• This includes physical and mental changes:
• Being anticipated and curious, an erection, producing cervical fluid

Penis in flaccid state

Penis in erect state 

Vulva's 

Erection of the clitoris

Orgasm 

• the height or peak of sexual arousal when the body releases sexual tension and pressure
• By male a release of the semen

Ejaculation

• After stimulation of the glans penis 
• 100 - 400 mjn sperm cells 
• head and flagellum

Mind the gap

Sex is not only vaginal intercourse

Eerste keer feiten over NL jongeren (tot 25 jaar) 

• 16,4 eerste keer tongzoen
•  18 eerste keer masturbatie 
• 18,6 eerste keer orale seks

• Invloed social media en porno

Eerste keer gemeenschap

• Niet het beginpunt
• Voorspel
• Consent kan veranderen
• Het is een vaardigheid, oefening baart kunst
• Hoort leuk te zijn, zonder pijn

Quiz  - Sex and consent

What are reasons to have sexual intercourse?

What are the different types of sex?

Which type of sex is most common in humans?

1. Vaginal sex
2. Anal sex
3. Oral sex
4. Masturbation

Which % of young men (15-25) have masturbated during the last month?

1. 57%
2. 64%
3. 84%
4. 92%

Which % of young women (15-25) masturbated during the last month?

1. 25%
2. 45%
3. 65%
4. 80%

What is the world record for the number of orgasms in an hour?

1. 4x
2. 9x
3. 16x
4. 21x

What is the world record for the number of orgasms in an hour for women?

1. 35x
2. 57x
3. 88x
4. 135x

What is the name for someone who was born in the body of a woman, but (feels and) expresses themselves as a man?

1. Cisgender man
2. Cisgender woman
3. Transgender man
4. Transgender woman

Why is it illegal for a 19-year old coach to have a relationship with a 16-year old pupil?

1. Difference in age
2. Difference in gender
3. Difference in life experience
4. Difference in power