VT21-28-1-2021

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Goodmorning VT21

Planning for this lesson (4.5)

Survival and expansion of the Republic.

Almost civil war in the Republic.

Objectives for this lesson

Understand why the small and young Dutch Republic survived attacks on sea and on land. 

Understand what conflict almost led to a civil war in the Republic.

4.5.1 A bigger Republic

Expansion of the Republic

By two sons of William of Orange:

               Maurits & Frederik Hendrik.

Military expeditions were succesfull

Because of...

...changes in the army structure.

...the Hollandic water line.

...mutiny in the Spanish army.

...other conflicts the Spanish have to deal with.

Changes in army structure

-Standerdized army with standerdized weapons.

-More training.

-Use of Roman and Greek tactics.

After this the Dutch army was (one of) the best army in the world.

Old Hollandic water line

Land can be set underwater when an enemy landarmy arives. 

A bit of luck

A Spanish Armada (fleet) of 139 warships sent for the Dutch Republic was defeated by storms and by the English fleet.

Thanks for that England!!! 

4.5.2  Stadtholder vs states attorney

Stadtholder Maurits of Orange

(Head of the Dutch army)

States attorney Johan van Oldenbarnevelt (leader of the States General)

How did the conflict between Oldenbarnevelt and Maurits start?

Maurits

Carefull & tactical

Wants to defeat Spain as soon as possible (even if that costs a lot of money).

Calvinist

Oldenbarnevelt

Isn't affraid to take risks

Wants a truce to repair the country and revive trade.

Also calvinist but different kind.

1619 Maurits blames Johan for treason and has him executed for treason. 

Last words

“Men, do not believe that I am a traitor. I have acted honestly and piously as a good patriot. And that is how I shall die.”

Do we still use the death penalty in the Netherlands?

1. Yes
2. No

Search on the internet for a country that does still use the death penalty.

Your opinion about the death penalty

See you all next week!