3English grammar class 3

• Engels
• Secundair onderwijs

Which one is most likely to happen?

1. The sun sets in the west.
2. I become a millionaire.
3. You go live on Mars.
4. You pass your English exam.

grammar class 3

Conditions and conditional clauses

Conditions

1. It is evening. --> The sun sets in the west.
2. I win the lottery --> I become a millionaire.
3. Elon Musk's project takes off. --> You go live on Mars.
4. You study hard. --> You pass your English exam.  

Conditionals: how likely? 

General fact, always true

if/when + simple present + simple present

When it is evening, the sun sets in the west. 

Conditionals: how likely?

Order or instruction

If/when + simple present + imperative

If you run into trouble, call me.

Conditionals: how likely?

General fact, always true

Order or instruction

Conditionals: how likely?

General fact, always true

Order or instruction

=> 100% sure to happen = zero conditional

If ice (melt), it (become) water.

1. If ice will melt, it becomes water.
2. If ice melts, it will become water.
3. If ice will melt, it will become water.
4. If ice melts, it becomes water.

If you (get) lost, (check) your GPS.

1. If you will get lost, check your GPS.
2. If you get lost, check your GPS.
3. If you get lost, will check your GPS.
4. If you got lost, checked your GPS.

If you go outside in the rain without an umbrella, you get wet.

1. if + imperative + present simple
2. if + present simple + imperative
3. if + present simple + present simple
4. if + past simple + past simple

Conditionals: how likely?

Prediction

if + present simple + will

If I study hard, I will pass my exams. 

if-clause = something you do now 

will-clause = result in the future of what you do now

Conditionals: how likely?

Prediction

=> depends on condition = first conditional

If it (rain), I (stay) home tonight.

1. If it will rain, I will stay home tonight.
2. If it rains, I will stay home tonight.
3. If it rains, I stay home tonight.
4. If it will rain, I stay home tonight.

If I (not, study) hard for this test, I (not, pass).

1. If I don't study hard for this test, I will not pass.
2. If I will not study hard for this test, I don't pass.
3. If I don't study hard for this test, I don't pass.
4. If I will not study hard for this test, I will not pass.

If you (lay) in the sun too long, you (get) burned.

1. If you will lay in the sun too long, you get burned.
2. If you lay in the sun too long, you get burned.
3. If you lay in the sun too long, you will get burned.
4. If you will lay in the sun too long, you will get burned.

Study material grammar

Holmwoods A2 unit 4

these slides

Study material irregular verbs

1-45

Study material vocabulary

Holmwoods A2 unit 10

Conditionals: how likely?

Unreal or unlikely

if + past simple + would + infinitive

If I studied, I would pass. (but I probably won't study)

if-clause = opportunity completely over

would-clause = result if condition had been met

Conditionals: how likely?

Unreal of unlikely

=> condition probably not fulfilled = second conditional

She (quit) school, if her parents (agree).

1. She quits school, if her parents agree.
2. She quitted school, if her parents agreed.
3. She would quit school, if her parents would agree.
4. She would quit school, if her parents agreed.

If I (make) enough money, I (take) my entire family on a trip.

1. If I would make enough money, I would take my entire family on a trip.
2. If I made enough money, I would take my entire family on a trip.
3. If I make enough money, I would take my entire family on a trip.
4. If I made enough money, I took my entire family on a trip.

Conditionals: how likely?

Things that didn't happen in the past

if + past perfect + would + present perfect

If I had seen Lucy, I would have told her.

if-clause = condition in the past

would-clause = result in the past 

Conditionals: how likely?

Things that didn't happen

=> 100% false = third conditional

John (help), if he (know) I (be) there.

1. John would have helped, if he had known I was there.
2. John helped, if he would have known I was there.
3. John will have helped, if he had known I was there.
4. John would helped, if he knew I was there.

If I (not, eat) so much, I (not, feel) sick.

1. If I don't eat so much, I wouldn't feel sick.
2. If I didn't eat so much, I wouldn't have felt sick.
3. If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick.
4. If I wouldn't have eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick.

Conditionals: how likely?

• 1 = If I see Lucy, I will tell her. --> prediction
• 2 = If I saw Lucy, I would tell her. --> but I don't see her
• 3 = If I had seen Lucy, I would have told her. --> but I haven't seen her

When I (leave) work, I usually (go) to the fitness centre to work out.

1. When I will leave work, I usually go to the fitness centre to work out.
2. When I leave work, I usually go to the fitness centre to work out.
3. When I left work, I usually have gone to the fitness centre to work out.
4. When I leave work, I will usually go to the fitness to work out.

If I (have) enough money, I (go) on safari to Kenya. However, my bank account is empty!

1. If I had enough money, I would go on safari.
2. If I would have had enough money, I would go on safari.
3. If I have enough money, I will go on safari.
4. If I will have enough money, I will have gone on safari

I'm sorry, I didn't know you were allergic to chocolate. If I (know), I (make) you a vanilla birthday cake.

1. If I knew, I would make you a vanilla birthday cake.
2. If I had known, I would have made you a vanilla birthday cake.
3. If I know, I will make you a vanilla birthday cake.

Stop asking me what Amanda bought you for Christmas. Even if I (know), I (not, tell) you.

1. Even if I had known, I would not have told you.
2. Even if I know, I will not tell you.
3. Even if I knew, I wouldn't tell you.

Study material grammar

Holmwoods B1 unit 5 + 9

these slides

Study material irregular verbs

1-45

Study material vocabulary

Holmwoods B1 unit 10