Linguistics

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vmbo g
• Leerjaar 2

Linguistics

Today

•  Similarities between English and Dutch

Goals

-  I am aware of the similaties between English and Dutch

-  I reconize borrowed English words

- I know more borrowed words

- I can use borrowed words

A language family is a group of languages related through descent from a common ancestral language or parental language, called the proto-language of that family. The term "family" reflects the tree model of language origination in historical linguistics, which makes use of a metaphor comparing languages to people in a biological family tree, or in a subsequent modification, to species in a phylogenetic tree of evolutionary taxonomy. Linguists therefore describe the daughter languages within a language family as being genetically related

The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of about 515 million people, mainly in Europe, North America, Oceania and Southern Africa. The most widely spoken Germanic language, English, is the world's most widely spoken language with an estimated 2 billion speakers. All Germanic languages are derived from Proto-Germanic, spoken in Iron Age Scandinavia.

The West Germanic languages constitute the largest of the three branches of the Germanic family of languages (the others being the North Germanic and the extinct East Germanic languages).

The three most prevalent West Germanic languages are English, German, and Dutch. The family also includes other High and Low German languages including Afrikaans (which is a daughter language of Dutch), Yiddish and Luxembourgish (which are sister languages of German), and Frisian and Scots (which are sister languages of English). Additionally, several creoles, patois, and pidgins are based on Dutch, English, and German, as they were each languages of colonial empires.

Which Germanic language is the most appealing to you ?

Most Popular Germanic Languages Spoken In The World 

English. The most widely spoken Germanic language with around 360–400 million native speakers and with an estimated 2 billion speakers worldwide.

German. The German language is the second most popularly spoken Germanic language in the world with over 100 million native speakers

Dutch. The third most widely spoken Germanic language in the world is Dutch with approximately 23 million native speakers and 5 million second-language speakers.

Did you know ?

Did you know that Dutch and English are actually very close relatives? Since Dutch and English are both West Germanic languages, the two have many (grammatical) similarities. It is even said that Dutch is the easiest foreign language to learn for English speakers because of the big resemblance between the two.

 

Were you aware, for example, that many English words actually have been adopted from the Dutch language? And similarly, the Dutch use a lot of English words in their day-to-day conversations, many of which have even been included in the Dutch dictionary. 

Exercise 1 (10 min) : Mind Map 

Create a mind map with English words that we use in Dutch. Each student does the first step individual and in silence.

Step 1 : Think of a least 10 English words we use in Dutch 

Step 2 : Ask your classmates what they`ve come up with and add these words to your own mind map

Step 3 : Create a collective mind map in Lessonup or on the whiteboard 

English words we use in Dutch

Dutch words used in English

Boss

The Dutch form baas was recorded in English from 1620s as the standard title of a Dutch ship’s captain.

Yankee

Yankee, from Jan Kees a person’s name, originally used mockingly to describe revolutionary citizens. Nowadays it commonly refers to Americans from the United States.

Mannequin

A mannequin, a model to display clothes comes from the Dutch manneken “little man”.

Bazooka

How did such an innocent Dutch word (bazuin = “trumpet”) became a weapon known as a rocket launcher? The Americans probably took this word for the similar sound it made.

Santa Claus

Sinterklaas is a Dutch and Flemish feast celebrated on the 5th and 6 December respectively. He came to the Netherlands and then moved to America. 

Dutch words used in English

Bluff 

This poker term, probably derives from Dutch bluffen, which means “to brag, boast,” or verbluffen “to baffle, mislead.”

Snoop 

to snoop is from Dutch snoepen “to pry,” also “eat in secret, eat sweets, sneak,”

Rucksack 

Rucksack, also known as backpack, comes from the word rugzak, literally “back bag,”

Frolic 

Frolic, as in to have fun; the English language took the word from the frequently used word vrolijk, which means “happy” or “cheerful”. 

Iceberg 

An iceberg is a direct translation of the Dutch ijsberg, literally “ice mountain,” from ijs: “ice” and berg: “mountain”a

Dutch words used in English

Coleslaw – in Dutch, it’s koolsla, which literally means “cabbage salad”

Landscape – we get this one from landschap, which has the same meaning in both languages

Cookie – is based on the Dutch word koekje (“biscuit” or “cookie”), which is sometimes written/pronounced koekie

Cruise – the origin for this word is the Dutch verb kruisen, which means “to cross”

Pump – change the ‘u’ to an ‘o,’ and you get the word pomp, which means “pump” (as in a gas or bicycle pump)

Roster – just add an ‘o’ and you get the Dutch word rooster (“schedule” or “timetable”)

Spook – spelled exactly the same in both languages, in Dutch, a spook is a ghost, phantom, or spirit

Waffle – in Dutch, it’s spelled a bit differently (wafel), but they mean the same thing

Wagon – is not that far removed from it’s Dutch ancestor the wagen (used when referring to trains)

Onslaught – the Dutch word, aanslag, has the exact same meaning

Exercise 2 - worksheet

A. Puzzle

B. Fill in

Done ? >  Check your answers , use the key

C. Writing

Done ? >  Post your answers on lessonup 

C: Writing

Exercise 3 (20 min) : Taboo 

- Form a group of 2-3 students

- This is a speaking exercise where you have to guess four given words that are on a card. Every turn, a player takes a card with four borrowed words on them, and tries to describe those words to his classmates, who try to guess what is being described. 

Exercise 4 (10 min): Quizlet- game

https://quizlet.com/_99pcl4?x=1jqt&i=1bm8iz

Use the live mode in quizlet to play in teams. 

Goals - Have we met our goals ?

-  I am aware of the similaties between English and Dutch

   -   1   2   3  4   5  +

-  I reconize borrowed English words  - 1   2   3   4   5 +

- I know more borrowed words  - 1   2   3   4   5 +

- I can use borrowed words   -  1  2  3  4  5 +

Let you student raise hands and give feedback

1 is terrible

5 is excellent