Identify the vocab used to introduce reason, result and purpose in these sentences:
1. Tim’s insecurity stems from poor education. 2. One of the aims of education is to make kids self-confident. 3. Having studied after grammar school made Tim way more confident. 4. Tim got to the top in the business world because he worked so hard.
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1. Conjunctions and adverbs
conjunction = voegwoord, verbindingswoord
adverb = bijwoord
These conjunctions & adverbs show a connection between cause & effect when used in a sentence: because, so, so as to
She got to the top in her career becauseshe spoke to all the right people.
She decided to do a course so as to be better able to find a job.
He is very ambitious, so he doesn't mind working hard.
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2. Prepositions
These prepositions/prepositional phrase can be used to introduce cause:
because of, owing to, for
Rosie got the job because of her pleasant manner
Owing to the storms, all trains have been cancelled
I couldn't sleep forworrying
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3. Verbs & verb phrases
These verbs introduce effect which lead to consequences or results:
- have led to Keeping 1,5 meters distance has led toa drop in covid cases.
- will result in Vaccinating everyone will result in a return to normal life.
These verbs introduce cause:
- to stem from Ignorance stems from not having access to information.
- to be based on My opinions tend to be based on scientific fact.
These participle clauses can also express cause & effect:
- having done Having doneall her homework, Abigail got a bonus on her final grade.
- having studied Having studied English for 6 years, Thomas felt confident to travel the UK.
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4. Nouns & noun phrases
These nouns can refer to cause and effect in a sentence. Study them and try to apply them properly:
aim (doel) The aim of the programme was to give students work experience.
basis (basis, uitgangspunt) Good technique is always at the basis of learning to skate fast.
consequence (gevolg) As a consequence of being late, Tammy had less time to take her exam.
explanation (uitleg) There was little explanation as to why he lost control of the vehicle before he crashed.
motive (aanleiding, reden) It was hard to discern a motive for why he committed the crime.
outcome (resultaat) The outcome of their discussion is still unknown.
purpose What's the purpose of your visit?
reason His laziness is the reason why he is not as successful as he could be.
result The success of her novel was the result of years of rewriting the plot to perfection.
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Reason, result & purpose (p. 48)
Do exercises 1-2
Many mistakes? Do the online exercises (next slide)
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test-english.com
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Questions
You are going to watch a short video about side hustles. Which 4 things does Nicaila tell us about the success of side hustles?
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Slide 17 - Video
Listening & speaking ex 1-2
For exercise 2, use the listening fragment here:
For exercises 3-5, work with a classmate. Make sure you give reasons for your choices. Use the next slides to hand in your answers.
For exercise 6, conduct the survey with your family members and present your results on the final slide.
Listening Unit 7, ex 2
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Work on your planning
-do exercises
-read novel
-listen to Ted talk
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Homework
Finish work mentioned in planner (Pp 47, 48, 53, 54-listening)