3E Economics par. 5.2

• Economie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Par. 5.1 assignment 5

1. Turnover € 4.800 Purchase value € 3.200
2. Turnover € 8.000 Gross profit € 3.200
3. Turnover € 8.000 Gross profit € 4.800
4. Purchase value € 4.800 Gross profit € 3.200

Par. 5.1 assignment 7

1. A 8.281 - 1.109 B 1.109 - 1.020
2. A 8.281 - 1.109 B 1.109 + 1.020
3. A 8.281 + 1.109 B 1.109 - 1.020
4. A 8.281 + 1.109 B 1.109 + 1.020

par. 5.1 assignment 14a
What is not a good calculation?

1. 10.000 / 100
2. 20.000 / 200
3. 30.000 / 300
4. 30.000 / 600

TVC sales 200

TC sales 100

TVC sales 100

5.1 14b

10.000 + 12.000

22.000 - 20.000

2.000 / 100 x 200

Wage costs <--> Net wage

Net wage = Gross wage - Taxes and Employee social insurance contributions

F.e. = 3.000 - 1.000 = 2.000

Wage costs = Gross wage + Employer social security contributions

bijv. = 3.000 + 500 = 3.500

                                     WIG

                                                                      Verschil loonkosten werkgever

                                                                                   en nettoloon werknemer

Contributions

contributions employee insurance schemes paid by employers

F.e. WW and WIA

contributions national insurance schemes paid by employees

F.e. AOW and ANW

Calculate the net wage:
Gross wage: € 3.000,-
Tax: € 800,-
employer's social security contributions € 75,-
employee's social security contributions: € 150,-

1. € 3.950,-
2. € 2.200,-
3. € 2.050,-
4. € 1.975,-

1. National insurance schemes are for everyone
2. Employee insurance schemes are for employees

1. 1= correct 2= incorrect
2. 1= incorrect 2=correct
3. Both are incorrect
4. Both are correct

Wage costs

When wage costs increase, Dutch companies could be forced to increase their selling price

This means that the Dutch international competitiveness could decrease

Increasing labour productivity could solve this

Causes higher labour productivity:

- Education

- Mechanisation , Automation

- Better division of labour, Specialisation

Labour costs per product will decrease if the percentual increase of the ...(1) is higher than the percentual increase of the ...(2)

1. 1 labour productivity 2 wage costs
2. 1 wage costs 2 labour productivity

graph page 155 ( blue and red )
The labour costs per product in 2003 will ...(1) and the labour costs in 2009 will ...(2)

1. 1 decrease 2 decrease
2. 1 decrease 2 increase
3. 1 increase 2 decrease
4. 1 increase 2 increase

                                                index wage costs

index wage costs per product = ----------------------------- x 100

                                                        index labour productivity

The last 20 years the average wages in The Netherlands have increased by 50%. Because of technological developments labour productivity increased by 70%.
What was the change in wage costs per product?

1. 20% lower
2. 12% lower
3. 13% higher
4. 20% higher

                                                      index wage costs

index wage costs per product = ----------------------------- x 100

                                                                      index labour productivity             

index wage costs per product = 150 / 170 x 100 = 88

So wage costs per product 12% lower

Limiting wage increase

Labour costs per product are important for employment

Low labour costs per product --> Low prices Dutch companies

--> Better international competitiveness The Netherlands

 --> More demand for Dutch products --> More production 

--> More employees needed --> Lower unemployment

Hw.

Par. 5.2 assignments 4 and 8