3.1 H4

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 4

Gerund or infinitive

Gerund

De gerund is een vorm van het werkwoord (stam + ing) die gebruikt wordt als zelfstandig naamwoord.

Deze wordt gebruikt:

Wanneer gebruik je de Gerund?

a Als onderwerp:   Swimming is fun

b Na voorzetsels (about, in, off, at, of, without, by, before):

   He left without paying

c Na bepaalde uitdrukkingen (it's no use, it's no good, can't help, can’t stand)

   It's no use arguing

d Na de werkwoorden:  give up, go on, mind, fancy, finish, quit, suggest.  

    I enjoy going to the seaside

Gerund

Je gebruikt de gerund ook na werkwoorden zoals like, hate, enjoy, love, remember, prefer, start, continue, keep, begin en stop wanneer het gaat over iets wat iemand vaak (of niet langer meer) doet:

I like swimming.

Harriet enjoys reading.

We don't prefer kayaking over canoeing.

to-infinitive

In alle andere gevallen gebruik je een zogeheten infinitief (to + hele werkwoord) na de genoemde werkwoorden like, hate, enjoy, love, remember, prefer, start, continue, keep, begin en stop:

I would love to swim.

He hates to tell you it won't happen.

Verschil in betekenis: Remember

Als je na het werkwoord remember een gerund gebruikt, verwijs je naar het verleden. Gebruik je een infinitive, dan moet het nog gebeuren.

Remember fishing on the lake, those were good times!

Remember to walk the dog when you get home.

  I clearly remember telling him this. 

Ik herinner me nog duidelijk dat ik hem dit heb verteld.

 I must remember to phone him. 

Ik moet niet vergeten hem nog bellen.

Geen verschil betekenis

Infinitive

specifieke gebeurtenis

I hate to ask you, but could you help me?

I would love to come with you.

I would like to dance now

She prefers to stay at home tonight.

geen verschil betekenis

Gerund

Algemene boodschap

I hate doing the dishes

He loves going to the cinema.

I like reading very much 

She prefers drawing to reading. 

She delayed ...
(get) out of bed.

1. to get
2. getting

He demanded ... (speak) to the manager.

1. to speak
2. speaking

I offered ... (help).

1. to help
2. helping

I miss ... (go) to the beach.

1. to go
2. going

I'd hate ... (arrive) too late.

1. to arrive
2. arriving

I chose ... (work) here.

1. to work
2. working

A Gerund is...

1. I'm afraid smoking isn't allowed.
2. I love smoking outside.
3. I was smoking a cigarette.
4. That girl is smoking hot!

This is going to be

1. easy
2. not so easy
3. not too difficult
4. difficult

Bij welke werkwoorden moet je opletten? Noem er minimaal 3

I love ... (go) out to restaurants.

I'm looking forward to ... (receive) your letter.

That make-up product isn't worth ... (buy)

My mother considers ... (leave) Rob.

They suddenly stopped ... (run).

Vul in op los blaadjes

1. I can't imagine Peter (go) …………………….. by bike.

2. He agreed (buy) …………………….. a new car.

3. The question is easy (answer). ……………………..

4. The man asked me how (get) …………………….. to the airport.

5. I look forward to (see) …………………….. you at the weekend.

6. Are you thinking of (go) …………………….. to London?

7. We decided (go) …………………….. for a walk in the forest.

Vul in op los blaadje

8. The teacher expected Sarah (work) ……………………..hard.

9. Don't keep on (shout) ………………like that; you will wake up your mother.

10. I enjoy (rest) ……………… in the afternoon after (try) ……………… to finish (do) ……………… my English homework.

11. We decided (buy) …………………….. a new car.

12. They've got some work (do). ……………………..

14. He'd like (fly) …………………….. an aeroplane.

15. I enjoy (write) ……………………..picture postcards.

16. Do you know what (do) …………………….. if there's a fire in the shop?

17. Avoid (make) …………………….. silly mistakes.

18. My parents wanted me (be) …………………….. home at 11 o'clock.

Wat valt je op aan deze zinnen?

• Smoking is forbidden in the barbershop.
• I look forward to seeing you next week.
• Could you start doing your homework? 
• That dress isn't worth buying.
• He started running.

• -ing staat achter sommige woorden
• Vraag de leerlingen: Welk woord staat er voor? 

www.perfect-english-grammar.com