TTO2 - History (Bricks) - Chapter 4

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The First World War

Chapter 4

What do you already know
about the First World War?

First World War

- A global war in which multiple countries across the world were involved

- What could cause a global / world war? 

3.5 European imperialism

imperialism: The extension of the power of a country by conquering other parts of the world. Think about adding colonies to your empire / lands of influence

"We will bring education and civilisation to the barbaric regions of Africa and Asia." - Racist view on imperialism

Name one colony of the (former) British Empire

Name one colony of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

How could imperialism lead to a world war later on?

What country is portrayed here? 

1

How is the country portrayed here? 

2

What hidden message did the maker have? 

3

What does this cartoon have to do with imperialism ?

4

Chapter 4.1

A fragile peace...

What is nationalism according to the book?

Wednesday 21/04

- Read 4.1 
- Rehearse 3.5 
- Summarize 3.5 
- Do assignments 1,2,3,4 of 4.1

First World War causes: 

- Imperialism

- Nationalism

- Arms race

- Alliances

(there are more, but these are the most important) 

Germany (1871 Unification

How would you describe an arms race in your own words?

How do alliances make a world war more likely to happen?

Name the 4 main causes of
the First World War.

So how did it all start then?

The direct cause of WW1 can be linked to a 19 year old Serbian student named Gavrilo Princip. 

He was a nationalist and member of a terrorist group

The assassination of
Franz Ferdinand caused a
chain reaction!

In the First World War countries tried to get more and more soldiers to join the army. With certain advertisement and propaganda the government persuaded a lot of young men to fight for their country. 

Western Front

Eastern Front

Von Schlieffen-plan

Von Schlieffenplan

Because the German advance got stopped in the West and the Russians mobilised sooner than expected, the Von Schlieffenplan failed. The war became a stalemate. Neither of the alliances was able to break through the lines of the opposing side.

Sandbags were a quick and easy way to strengthen the trenches. 

There was plenty food at the start of the WW1, but the longer the war took, the less food reached the trenches. Not everything was fresh or healthy enough for the soldiers to eat.  

Apart from fighting the enemy, soldiers also had to take care of vermin like rats, fleas and lice. This was often a way to kill time in between battles.

Dogs were used to catch rats and mice, but also as a nice companion :)!

Soldiers didn't sleep for long in the trenches, but when they did at day would be the best. At night it would be the ideal time to spy on the enemy. 

With a periscope the soldiers could spy on the enemy.

The most valuable sources of WW1 are the diaries and letters we still have from soldiers that actually lived and fought in the trenches. 

For safety the trenches were built in a "zig-zag" pattern. 

In total 40.000 km of trenches were dug in France and Belgium. 

The area between trenches was destroyed in four years of battle. It was known as No Man's Land, since nothing survived. 

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/0/ww1/

360˚ video of a trench   Check it out!

Guarding duty was vital to the succes of the trenches. Falling asleep on duty was punished severely.

Besides fighting battles other chores had to be done aswell, like filling the sandbags, repairing the barbed wire and cleaning the toilet pots.  

Name three new weapons introduced in WW1.

Where did the Germans fight the Russians?

1. Western Front
2. Eastern Front
3. In the trenches
4. At sea

1917 was an important year in WW1.
Name two reasons, using your textbook, why 1917 was an important year.

End of the War

Armistice signed because Germany was 

unable to win the war.

• United States joined the Allies
  
• German army had fewer and fewer soldiers
  
• Shortage of weapons, munitions and food 
  
• British blockaded German ports held up food supplies
  

Big Three

France

U.S.A

England

Which of these three countries do you think wanted the hardest punishment? Why?

Which important country was missing from these peace negotiations?

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty of Versailles was signed on 28 June 1919. 

Main terms:

• Germany primarily responsible for the war;
• Germany had to pay war reparations of 132 billion gold marks

Rehearsal: Why did the Versailles Treaty lead to Hitler's popularity?

Who is this?

1. Hitler
2. Mussolini
3. Stalin
4. Liam Spijkers

Hitler was inspired by Mussolini in many ways... Name two of these ways!