First world war

• History
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 3

The First World War

Goals

At the end of this lesson you:

- have refreshed the causes of the First World War

- can explain the cruelties of the First World War

- can explain the turning point of 1917

- can explain how the First World War ended

Nationalism is...

1. Feeling superior over forneigners
2. Feeling proud of your own people.
3. Feeling insanely proud over your contry.
4. Feeling proud over your nation and feeling superior over others

Which word is NOT connected to nationalism?

1. Flag
2. Country
3. Gun
4. People

La Belle Époque

Prosperity after the industrial revolution. 

Changes!

Cause 1

Nationalism

The love for your own nation and people. 

"Our county is the best!"

Cause 2

Cause 2

Militarism

Great love, respect and trust in the military and soldiers. 

It was a honour to serve your country.

Cause 3

Arms race

Each country wanted to have more weapons than their enemies. Especially Great Britain and Germany were eager to have the strongest and most weapons.

But also...

• The unification of Germany (1871). Germany became a strong military and economic force in Europe.
  
  
• Forming alliances in Europe. 

The power in Europe is out of balance.

Alliance

The alliance between France, Russia and Great Britain are called the Triple Entente or Allies. 

Triple Entente is the most used term. In Dutch this alliance is called 'geallieerden'. 

Alliance

The alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire is called the Central Powers. 

In Dutch we call them 'de centralen'.

The Ottoman Empire soon fell apart, the Turks (Turkey) takes its place in the alliance.

Causes of WW1

Nationalism

Alliances

Arms race

Militarism

Imperialism

Assassination of Franz-Ferdinand

Name one direct cause of the First World War

Name three indirect causes of the First World War

Von Schlieffenplan

• Germany was closed in by 2 enemies: France and Russia
• To prevent a two front war, Germany wanted to defeat France quickly in order to fully focus on Russia.
• So Germany planned to surprise France by attacking from Belgium

Why did the Von Schlieffenplan fail?

Trench warfare

The First World War became a stalemate (both sides were equal in strength), so generals ordered soldiers to dig in along the front. Soldiers dug trenches. Trenches are narrow ditches and tunnels in the ground. Here soldiers could hide from enemy bullets and artillery. 

Both sides protected their trenches heavily. This caused that it was almost impossible to overthrow an enemy thrench. Nevertheless both sides tried at the costs of millions of lives.

Between the trenches was a so called "no man's land". Evrything was devastated by bombs. The land looked empty with loads of muddy craters. A lot of war-victems were never found on these fronts. 

Why did the fighting tactics during the First World War fail?

The US joins the war!

In 1917 German submarines bomb (using torpedos) an US passengership. This caused US victems. 

The US also received information from Great-Brittain about an intercepted a telegram from Germany to Mexico. Germany invited Mexico to join them in a military alliance. 

These events led to the decision from the US to join the First World War on the allied side. 

A total war means that a complete society is helping to win a war. 

This means that not only the soldiers fight the war. Also people in factories are helping to win the war. For example by making weapons. 

Why was the First World War a total war?

11-11-1918 at 11'

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty? 'Diktat'?

Treaty of Versailles 

01:18 tot 04:00 

https://schooltv.nl/video/welkom-in-de-jaren-20-en-30-opkrabbelen-na-de-oorlog/#q=eerste%20wereldoorlog 

Treaty of Versailles 

- Debt payments: 132 billion marks

- Areas in Europe and colonies taken

- Army was only allowed a maximum of 100,000 men

- League of Nations founded

Timeline World War I

M

A

I

N

Treaty of Brest Litovsk

Lusitania sunk by U-boat

October Revolution 

New weapons: tank & gas 

Assassination in Sarajevo 

USA declares war against Central Powers 

Schlieffenplan

February Revolution 

Treaty of Versailles 

US troops join the fight

armistice 

11. Put the events in the correct chronological order

Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.

The Triple Entente is formed.

The Schlieffen Plan failed.

Franco-Prussian War

The First World War turns into a trench war.

Franz Ferdinand is assassinated.

Mention one thing you've learned and mention one question you still have.