DNA and Inheritance V3

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

What do you share as a class?

After today you are able to

• Explain what DNA is
• Name how mutations change a DNA sequence
• Understand how people can change DNA

Concepts: DNA, nucleotides, DNA sequence, mutation, inherit, gene modification, gene therapy

DNA 

• DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid
• Genetic code of all living organism 
• Code is made from 4 letters: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine 

DNA sequence 

• The order of the DNA (ATCG) letters
• The order determines what they will made = gene
• A gene is instruction of a trait (eigenschap)

Who will have the longest DNA string?

1. Bacteria
2. Human
3. Canopy plant
4. Fruit fly

The more complex a organism the bigger the genome

DNA

• In the nucleus (celkern) of the cell
• Coiled up (opgekruld) in the cell 

What happens if there is a change in the DNA sequence?

1. You die
2. You will be a superhero
3. Nothing happens
4. You get a new trait

Mutation: change in DNA sequence

If humans change DNA with mutations we call it genetic modification.
Is genetic modification bad?

1. Yes
2. No

Homework

• Watch 2 video's and make the questions
  - What is DNA and how does it work?
  - What is a gene?
• Questions and the links of the video are on SOM.

Why do we yawn?

How does DNA work?

 

Which letters are used to show the DNA code?

How does DNA work?

What is an amino acid?

How does DNA work?

How many proteins are there? 

What is a gene? 

• What is made by genes? 
• Give at least 2 things proteins can do?
• why is it incorrect to say that there is a blue eye gene or tantrum gene?

From small to big

• chromosomes = bundled long DNA strand
• Gene = instruction of a trait 

Genotype versus phenotype

Make question 1 and 2 of traits

• Use your text book
• Done? Start reading the text book or start working on the rest of the questions of chapter 1. 

Karyogram picture set of chromosomes

• How many chromosomes does a human have
• And how many pairs
• Is this a boy or a girl?  

Difference between a body cell and a sex cell

• Why is it logical that a sex cell has less chromosomes?  

Make question 1- 6 of chromosomes and genes

Use your text book

Done? Start reading the text book or start working on the rest of the questions of chapter 1. 

Alleles

• Chromosomes come in pairs
• So for each genes you have two copies
• an alle is a variant of a gene
• You can have the same or two different alleles for a gene 

Make question 1-3 of genes and alleles

• Use your text book
• Done?  Well done you've fully completed your homework. 

Cell division

• Form of reproduction from cells 
• One mother cell makes 2 two daughter cells  
• Why and when is cell division required?

Asexual reproduction

• Mother and daughter cell are identical 
• Identical = sharing the same DNA 

Sexual reproduction

Difference between diploid and haploid

• During sexual reproduction two haploid cells form a embryo
• This increase the genetic variation  
• Why is genetic variation good?

Twins 

Remember genotype vs phenotype

Karyogram picture set of chromosomes

• Chromosomes comes in pairs

Remember alleles

• Chromosomes come in pairs
• So for each genes you have two copies
• an alle is a variant of a gene
• You can have the same or two different alleles for a gene 

Chromosomes and alleles combined

• Three different options
• The allele that is visible in the phenotype is called dominant.
• Dominant allele = capital letter

Dominant versus recessive 

• Dominant allele is expressed
• Opposite of dominant = recessive 
• Recessive allele gets a lowercase letter

Homework

Homework will be questions about chapter 2 + chapter 3

Chapter 2: asexual reproduction: 2,3; sexual reproduction: 2,3 and twins: 1,2 

Chapter 3: 1 until 4  

Documents can be found on SOM.

Welcome!

Please grab your homework of chapter 2 and chapter 3.

Done start working the genes and inheritance match and draw document.

Homework questions

Answers Genes and inheritance match and draw