3.4 De Holocaust (1)

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

For today

The Holocaust

Before we start

Current events

www.bbc.com

Before we start

Two different historical groups:

1. Jewish victims of the Nazis.
2. Jewish citizens as alleged oppressors of Palestinians in the present-day state of Israel.

Before we start

• Criticism of Israel with arguments is allowed
• Antisemitism is not

Why do we teach about the Holocaust?

Goals

• In this paragraph, you will learn about the types of antisemitism that existed in Germany.
• In this paragraph, you will learn how Jewish Germans were persecuted.
• In this paragraph, you will learn how Jews in Europe were murdered.
• In this paragraph, you will learn how Jewish Dutch citizens were persecuted.

What is antisemitism?

When are you Jewish?

What do you already know about the Holocaust?

Why?

Holocaust/Shoah?

• Holocaust: burnt offering
• Shoah: catastrophe / disaster
  

Judaism in Europe

• Before 1933, half a million Jewish Germans lived in Germany—less than one percent of the population.
• They were ordinary citizens, but the Nazis stirred up hatred against them through racist antisemitism.
• Hitler did not see Jews as followers of a religion, but as a separate race that could never be true Germans.

Fleeing

Between 1933 and 1937, around 130,000 Jews left Nazi Germany.

A large number of them migrated to South Africa, Palestine, and Latin America.

Persecution of Jews in Nazi Germany

• On November 9, 1938, the Kristallnacht took place, a violent pogrom against Jews in Germany.

In Polen, waar 3,5 miljoen joden

woonden, vermoordden Duitse

militairen direct tienduizenden. Velen

werden gedwongen naar overvolle

getto’s, waar honger en ziekte hen

troffen.

Persecution of Jews in Nazi Germany

• In 1935, the Nuremberg Race Laws determined that Jews were not Germans and were not allowed to have relationships with them.

Persecution of Jews during
the war

• The Nazis wanted to make Europe "free
  of Jews" and considered a "final solution"
  to what they called the "Jewish question."
• Wannsee Conference
  

Persecution of Jews during

the war

• In total, the Nazis murdered six million Jews, as well as many Roma, Sinti, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, and disabled individuals.

In the Netherlands

• In the Netherlands, there were 140,000 Jews, mostly in Amsterdam, along with 20,000 German refugees.
• 1940: "Aryan declaration"
• 1942: Jews were required to wear a yellow star
• 1942: Deportations
• Special police units were given a reward, called "head money", for each arrest.
• In total, 107,000 Jews were deported, and only 5,000 survived.

After the war

In 1944 and 1945, the Allies liberated the concentration camps. Thousands remained in displaced persons camps until 1947.

Many Jews did not want to return to their former communities and moved to Palestine, which caused tensions with the Arab population.

Returning survivors often found their homes occupied and their belongings confiscated, with little chance of recovery.

14:00

npo.nl

To work

Make assignments 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 & 9 van 3.4

Goals

• In this paragraph, you will learn about the types of antisemitism that existed in Germany.
• In this paragraph, you will learn how Jewish Germans were persecuted.
• In this paragraph, you will learn how Jews in Europe were murdered.
• In this paragraph, you will learn how Jewish Dutch citizens were persecuted.

Which ideas and beliefs made the Holocaust possible?

What can we learn from the Holocaust to prevent something like this from happening again?