4.2 The Age of Reason (part 1)

[3.4] Gaining knowledge by doing research without experiments is called...
A
Empirical thinking
B
Geocentrism
C
Rationalism
D
Scientific Revolution
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Slide 1: Quiz
GeschiedenisMiddelbare schoolvwoLeerjaar 3

This lesson contains 22 slides, with interactive quizzes, text slides and 2 videos.

time-iconLesson duration is: 70 min

Items in this lesson

[3.4] Gaining knowledge by doing research without experiments is called...
A
Empirical thinking
B
Geocentrism
C
Rationalism
D
Scientific Revolution

Slide 1 - Quiz

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[3.4] Which of these scientists or thinkers could be considered a rationalist?
A
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
B
Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
C
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)
D
René Descartes (1596-1650)

Slide 2 - Quiz

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What is a heliocentric universe?

Slide 3 - Open question

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Slide 4 - Slide

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4.2 The Age of Reason
Voltaire and Diderot - famous philosophers from the Enlightenment

Slide 5 - Slide

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Slide 6 - Video

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On a scale from 1 to 10: How fair do you consider this prison regime? 0 = very unfair & 10 = fair
010

Slide 7 - Poll

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Objects with Van Bruggen

Slide 8 - Slide

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Slide 9 - Slide

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Salem Witch trials of 1692 (Massachussets)

Slide 10 - Slide

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20 people were hanged (most of whom were women)
Bridget Bishop (c. 1632-1692)
First person to be hanged for witchcraft during the  trials

Slide 11 - Slide

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Slide 12 - Video

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Goals for this lesson
At the end of this lesson you...
  • Understand how philosophers applied scientific thinking to political and economic issues. 
  • Know which ideas are connected to the Enlightenment.
  • Understand how the ideas from the Enlightenment spread throughout the world.

Slide 13 - Slide

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Caused by...
  •  The scientific revolution; observation, experimenting, using logic and reasoning inspired many great thinkers to think about all aspects of life.
  • They wished to get rid of the world of dark ideas such as witchcraft and intolerance.

Slide 14 - Slide

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The 'dark' Middle Ages
Why do we call them that?

Slide 15 - Slide

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18th century
  • New thinkers called themselves philosophers
  • They wanted to change the world for the better. 
  • By rational thinking they could bring progress.

Slide 16 - Slide

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Books became 'booming business' 
(London, 18th century)
Salon parties were the new social events (Paris, 18th century)

Slide 17 - Slide

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English coffee House (18th century)

Slide 18 - Slide

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New ideas
  • Rational optimism = positive outlook on life.
  •  Basic human rights which had to be respected (even by the king).
  • These ideas were put in books and were sometimes banned.

Slide 19 - Slide

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Slide 20 - Slide

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Voltaire (1694-1778)
  • A French philosopher. 
  • Voltaire said that freedom of speech and religious tolerance were hugely important. 
  • He wrote 2000 books and pamphlets.
Voltaire: His real name was François Marie Arouet

Slide 21 - Slide

Leg uit wie Voltaire was en wat zijn ideeën waren.

Slide 22 - Link

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