Auxiliary verbs are helper verbs, used alongside the infinitive form of the main verb of a sentence with certain tenses.
ex: I eat an apple ---> I have eaten an apple.
Modal verbs are a type of auxiliary verbs which add meaning to the main verb: possibility, intent, ability, necessity...
ex: I swim ---> I can swim.
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AUXILIARY VERBS
BE
HAVE
DO
MODAL VERBS
can could
may might
will would
shall should
must have to
need to
I have eaten. Did you eat?
I need to eat. You can't eat.
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COMPARATIVE & SUPERLATIVE FORMS
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Short adjectives:
1 syllable
ex: clean, nice, fat...
Comparative form: + "ER"
--> cleaner, nicer, fatter
Superlative form: + "EST"
--> cleanest, nicest, fattest
Long adjectives:
3 or more syllables
ex: expensive, beautiful
Comparative form: + "MORE"
---> more expensive, more beautiful
Superlative form: + "THE MOST"
---> The most expensive
---> The most beautiful
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Adjectives with 2 syllables
Usually they behave like short adjectives:
happy ---> happier, happiest
simple ---> simpler, simplest
But certain 2-syllable adjectives behave like long ones:
patient ---> more patient, the most patient
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Irregular forms
For example:
Adjective
Comparative
Superlative
good
better
best
bad
worse
worst
little
less
least
!
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THE PASSIVE FORM
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PASSIVE TENSE
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PRESENT PERFECT AND PRESENT SIMPLE
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PRESENT PERFECT
- action that started in the past and continues or has consequences in the present
- with time adverbials linked to the present: always, ever, till now...
PAST SIMPLE
- the action is finished and in the past
- with time adverbials marking a specific time in the past: yesterday, last week, ten years ago....
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THE FUTURE
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WILL or BE + GOING TO
GOING TO: is for intentions you have already made earlier and to make predictions that are very likely to be true.
WILL: is used to talk about plans decided at the moment of speaking, for things in the future that you did not plan or to make predictions that are not based on present or past evidence.
Example: We are going to France next week!
Do you need any help carrying this heavy box? I'll do it for you!
Lesson duration is: 20 min
