GRAMMAR 3A

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Grammar

Conjugating verbs

Tenses: Indicate the time of an action, when it happens: past, present, or future. For example: "I walk" (present), "I walked" (past), "I will walk" (future).

Aspects: Show the nature of the action, how it happens (whether it's ongoing, completed, habitual, etc.). Examples:

Simple: "I walk to school" (fact, habit or general truth).

Continuous: "I am walking to school" (ongoing).

Perfect: "I have walked to school" (completion/ result: related to the present moment OR action started in the past and continuing to the present).

Together, tenses and aspects describe when and how actions happen.

1. Present Tense

Present simple: "I talk"

Present continuous: 

"I am talking "

Present perfect: "I have talked."

Present perfect continuous: 

"I have been talking."

2. Past Tense

Past simple: "I talked."

Past continuous: 

"I was talking."

Past perfect: "I had talked."

Past perfect continuous: 

"I had been talking."

3. Future Tense

Future simple: "I will study"

Future continuous: 

"I will be studying"

Future perfect: 

"I will have studied"

Future perfect continuous:

 "I will have been studying"

Examples: 

Find the tense and aspect 

- I am dancing 

- She was cleaning her room

- He was sick 

- We have finished our chores

- I will be at work when she arrives

PRESENT PERFECT AND PRESENT SIMPLE

PRESENT PERFECT

- action that started in the past and continues in the present or has consequences in the present

- with time adverbials linked to the present: always, never, yet, ever, till now...

PAST SIMPLE

- the action is finished and in the past

- with time adverbials marking a specific time in the past: yesterday, last week, ten years ago....

THE PASSIVE FORM

PASSIVE TENSE

THE FUTURE

WILL or BE + GOING TO

GOING TO: is for intentions you have already made earlier and to make predictions that are very likely to be true.

WILL: is used to talk about plans decided at the moment of speaking, for things in the future that you did not plan or to make predictions that are not based on present or past evidence.

Example: We are going to France next week! 

Do you need any help carrying this heavy box? I'll do it for you!

GOING TO: is for intentions you have already made earlier and to make predictions that are very likely to be true.

WILL: is used to talk about plans decided at the moment of speaking, for things in the future that you did not plan or to make predictions that are not based on present or past evidence.

Example: We are going to France next week! 

Do you need any help carrying this heavy box? I'll do it for you!