1.3 The church falls apart

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

1.3 The church falls apart (part 1)

In this paragraph, you will learn

- What criticism people had of the Catholic church

- How the split of the church was created

- What differences formed between churches

- which conflict formed between Catholics and Protestants

Criticism of the church

- In the book: In praise of folly (lof der zotheid)  Erasmus make fun of the wrongdoings in the Catholic church.

 

- Thanks to the printing press it was spread in large numbers for the first time. 

- It had nothing to do with original Christianity 

The split of the church 

-The German monk Martin Luther  wanted change. otherwise to break away from the Pope!

- In 1517, in a letter to a bishop, he protested against the trade in indulgences. 

- This mocked God, because only God could forgive sins.

The cancellations of sins. 
Maarten Luther 

-  Luther's letter was read by many people thanks to the printing press.

- The Pope was furious! He excommunicated Luther.

- The Pope asked the German emperor Charles V to kill Luther. But Luther got him one more chance 

Not allowed to be involved in the Church

The diet of 1521 in Worms

- Luther was invited for an assembly of German monarchs

- Luther had to take back his words, but he refused

- Charles V then outlawed Luther: everyone was permitted to kil him as a heretic

- Luther was protected by  Frederick of Saxony

- Luther translated the New testament into German and Dutch. 

The Reformation

- Luther asked the German monarchs to reform the church and break away from the pope. 

- Some of them did and formed new Protestant churches

- Luthers letter of protest became the start of a split in European Christianity. 

- Now two hostile relegious groups: 1 The Catholics, led by the pope. 2 The Protestants

Catholics and Protestants

John Calvin: Frenshman who had a lot of followers in the Netherlands 

Calvinism

Luther 

- You cant revolt against monarchs and goverments that fought the true faith.

-  By living an honest life you will go to heaven

Calvin

- You can revolt against monarchs and goverments if they dont follow the true faith

- Predestination

Your life is set by God form birth. Everything you do is as expected. 

Protestants

- No pope of bishops,  only a minister who explaines the bible.

- ministers were not placed above the ordinary religious people. They were allowed to marry and could not forgive sins. 

- Did not worship saints and relics 

- People came in direct contact with God.

Catholics

- Hierarchy

- Pope, archbishop, bishop, priest

- Worshipping saints and relics

- Only clergymen could talk to God

- decorated churches full of statues and paintings 

(indulgences)

People ranked according to status of authority 
Holymen

End of lesson

Next week: part 2 

Go and work on your PO

1.3 The church falls apart (part 2)

Planning 

- Introductie/ absentie

- Leerdoelen

- Uitleg stof

- Opdracht

- Bespreken

- Afsluiting

Strijd tussen godsdiensten

- De overgang naar het protestantisme had voordelen voor vorsten

- Ze konden rijkdommen van de katholieke kerk in beslag nemen en hoefden geen rekening te houden met de paus

- Koningen van Engeland, Denemarken en Zweden braken met de katholieke kerk en legden het protestantse geloof op aan hun onderdanen 

Karel V

Karel V van Habsburg (1500-1558) is een van de grootste en machtigste mannen in Europa in deze tijd

Heerser over Nederland, België, Duitsland, Spanje en grote delen van Frankrijk

- Karel V voerde in Duitse rijk jarenlang oorlog met protestante vorsten --> hij was streng katholiek

- Hij probeerde het hele rijk weer katholiek te maken

- In 1555 gaf hij het op 

- Iedere Duitse vorst mocht zelf godsdienst in diens gebied bepalen

- Een paar jaar later in Frankrijk gruwelijke godsdienst oorlog tussen katholieken en calvinisten

- Duurde tot 1598

- Toen werd met het Edict van Nantes bepaald dat FR katholiek was maar calvinisten ook rechten kregen

De Nederlanden

- Karel V ook heerser over de Nederlandse gewesten

- Inquisitie: katholieke rechtbank die ketters moeten opsporen en bestraffen

- Karel V liet de inquisitie de protestanten als ketters vervolgen 

- Vele honderden stierven levend op de brandstapel

- Ook protestante boeken werden verbrand

- Toch slaagde Karel V er niet in om NL katholiek te maken

Leerdoelen

In deze paragraaf leer je...

- welke kritiek er was op de katholieke kerk

- hoe de splitsing van de kerk ontstond 

- welke verschillen tussen kerken ontstond

- welke strijd ontstond tussen katholieken en protestanten 

Afsluiting

Volgende les: Kunst en wetenschap 

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