The passive: 4H

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 4

The
passive

Goals:

• Weten hoe de passive eruit ziet
• Weten wanneer je de passive gebruikt
• De juiste vorm van de passive kunnen gebruiken 

In deze zinnen is belangrijk of bekend wie verantwoordelijk is voor de actie / gebeurtenis

In deze zinnen is onbelangrijk of onbekend wie verantwoordelijk is voor de actie / gebeurtenis

NASA has developed a powerful new rocket.

The materials had not been investigated before.

Rockets are usually launched from Cape Cavernal.

The new suits were designed well.

Dutch astronaut André Kuipers went to space a while ago.

It has been shown that studying works better over a longer period of time than a shorter one.

Passive use

Active: I bought some groceries yesterday.
Passive: Some groceries were bought (by me) yesterday.

Passive = lijdende vorm (passief)

• Onbelangrijk / onbekend / vermeden wie een handeling heeft verricht
• Nadruk op wat ipv wie 
• Altijd een vorm to be + voltooid deelwoord
• Soms gevolgd door "by ..."

Passive use

Active: I bought some groceries yesterday.

• Onderwerp: I  ;   Lijdend voorwerp: some groceries

Passive: Some groceries were bought (by me) yesterday.

• Onderwerp: some groceries

Het onderwerp verandert bij actief naar passief.

Changing present tenses

Present simple passive: am / is / are + voltooid deelwoord (past participle)

John never takes the dog for a walk -> The dog is never taken for a walk.

Present continuous passive: am / is / are + being + voltooid deelwoord

I am writing an interesting essay -> An interesting essay is being written.

Present perfect passive: have / has + been + voltooid deelwoord

Our teacher has made a mistake -> A mistake has been made by our teacher.

Changing past tenses

Past simple passive: was / were + voltooid deelwoord (past participle)

John never took the dog for a walk -> The dog was never taken for a walk.

Past continuous passive: am / is / are + being + voltooid deelwoord

I was writing an interesting essay -> An interesting essay was being written.

Past perfect passive: have / has + been + voltooid deelwoord

Our teacher had made a mistake -> A mistake had been made by our teacher.

Passive: short overview

John never takes the dog for a walk.	The dog is never taken for a walk (by John)
I am writing an essay.	An essay is being written (by me)
Our teacher has made a mistake.	A mistake has been made (by our teacher)
My brother cooked a meal.	A meal was cooked (by my brother)
I will make a game.	A game will be made (by me)
I can make a game.	A game can be made (by me)

The trees ... last year.

1. are cut down
2. were being cut down
3. was cut down
4. were cut down

Criminals ... every day in this town still.

1. are arrested
2. arrested
3. were arrested
4. were being arrested

English ... by many people in the United States of America.

1. is being spoken
2. is spoken
3. was being spoken
4. was spoken

Active: They had already offered me a job. What is the passive?

1. I had already been offered a job.
2. I had already gotten offered a job.
3. I have already been offered a job.
4. I was already offered a job.

Active: The organizers will exhibit the paintings next month. What is the passive?

1. The paintings are exhibited next month by the organizers.
2. The paintings will exhibit next month by the organizers.
3. The paintings will be exhibited next month by the organizers.
4. The organizers exhibit the paintings next month.

Do 

• Exercises 10, 11, and 12 on pages 147 and 148
• Done early? Do exercise 9