4.3 cities begin to trade

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• Middelbare school
• mavo, havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 1

Chapter 5: Late Middle Ages

5.3 New cities begin to trade (page 101)

This lesson

summarize last lesson in a note

Read page 101 "the cities return" plus explanation

make workook 5.23 question 3,4 or  work on your presentation

So why should you not look up when someone shouts at you from above in Edingburgh?

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People make more food than they needed.

People start to sell extra food at markets

New inventions make it possible to make more food

Markets slowly gro w into towns

So cities start to grow because there is more food.

Heavy iron plow

Note 5.3

After the year 1.000 the amount of food produced grows, because of:

• New inventions like a better plough 
• cultivating more land  

The food that is left over is sold at markets (usually at road/river crossings)

Markets grow into cities

Craftsmen and guilds

• In the cities, people started to trade all kinds of products. 
• Other people started to learn a craft. They specialised in different areas. For instance, blacksmithing, leatherworking, shoemaking, baker, carpenter.
• To make things easier for new craftsmen, they often gathered in guilds. Guilds were associations of people who had the same job. 

5.2: City Rights

Most cities were under the rule of a lord, who, in return, was under the rule of the king. 

--> Cities grew to large proportions. Rulers wanted more influence and power

City Rights

Burghers (free people) wanted something in return for paying high taxes. 
--> Lords and burghers came to an agreement 
--> Cities received city rights 

Examples of city rights

• Right to organise markets
• Right to build city walls
• Right to collect money from merchants
• Right to punish criminals
• Right to produce their own currency/coins
• Right to store goods and sell them without permission of the lord.

Low countries lords still hold control by:

• Appointing a schout (representative of the lord) 
  --> He kept everything in check and was announced leader of the schepenen. 
• Appointing Schepenen
  --> Group of people that controlled the city. 
  --> Tasks like solving crimes / judging criminals / collecting taxes etc.