6.2 The Crusades

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6.2 The Crusades

Holy war for God

Community of Muslims

Journey of Muhammed from Mecca to Medina

Political and religious leader of Muslims

Jihad

Caliph

Ummah

Hijrah

Priest

Crusader

Siege tower

City wall of Jerusalem

A call for help

• The Seljucs (Turkish Muslim tribe) conquered large parts of the Arabian world.
• In 1080 they threatened to attack the Byzantine Empire.
• The emperor asked the Pope for help.

Seljucs warrior looking at a Byzantine stronghold

Response

• Pope Urban II calls for a crusade (=holy war) in 1094.
• Goal= Making the Holy Land Christian again.
• =Jerusalem and its surroundings.

Pope Urban II calling for a holy war

Crusaders of the first Crusade

7,000-10,000 knights

35,000-50,000 foot soldiers

70,000-100,000 non-combatants

The path to Jerusalem

• Many people (even children) joined the 1st Crusade.
• They plundered many towns on the way.  

Crusader States

• Few crusaders survived the trip and battle but they manage to take Jerusalem.
• Small crusader states are established such as the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

ZS - Read 6.2 (page 130-133)

• Done with reading? ->
• Write down at least four effects of the crusades (below your notes).