How have medicine and health developed over time? (p. 80- 89)

• Humanities
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Healthcare & Medicine 

Statement of Inquiry: 

The health of communities requiers effective governance and the development of welfare systems. 

Key Concept: Systems

Related Concepts: Governance

Global Context: Fairness and development

Healthcare & Medicine 

On the next slide fill in the wordcloud. 

You can fill in anything you think about with the key words: 

Healthcare & Medicine

Fill in at least 5 words. 

Healthcare & Medicine

Healthcare & Medicine

Read p. 80: Take a good look at the title of this chapter, the statement of inquiry, the key concept, the related concept and the global context. 

Read p. 80: Take a good look at the box 'In this chapter we will...' and the box 'consider these questions'.

On the next slide, answer the questions. 

Take a look at the statement of inquiry on p. 80. In your own words, write down a Dutch translation of this statement.

Check out 'In this chapter, we will...' on p. 80. Write down what you will find out, explore or take action in this Chapter.

Check out 'Consider these questions' on p. 80. Write down which questions you are going to investigate this Chapter. Also write down which type of questions these are (factual, conceptual or debatable).

Healthcare & Medicine

Check out the key words in the yellow box on p. 81 

On the next slide, there are some definitions. Match the definition to the correct key word. 

cauterize

gangrene

ligature

prognosis

sterilize

to burn a part of a body in order to remove or close off a part of it.

a piece of thread tied around a blood vessel or another hollow structure to shut it off.

to eliminate, remove, kill, or deactivate all forms of life present in a specific surface, object or fluid. 

a type of tissue death caused by a lack of blood supply.

a medical term for predicting the likely or expected development of a disease

How have medicine and health developed over time?

Read Source A - C on p.82. 

Answer the questions on the next slide. 

Consider Source A - C. Write down the similarities and differences between the ideas expressed it he Ancient Greek work of Hippocrates and the beliefs in Europeduring the Middle Ages. Do you find anything surprising?

Consider Source A - C. Look at the origin of the sources and wgen they were written (their provenance). Does this suggest anything about change over time in history? Explain your answer.

Consider Source A - C. Is there evidence that medicine and health improved over the period of more than thousand years between the fifth century BCE and the fourteenth century? Explain your answer.

How have medicine and health developed over time?

In this exersize you will practice information literacy skills. 

Click on the website link on the next slide. You will be taken to a true or false quiz about news articles adressing the recent corona virus. 

Read the articles and decide if they are fake news, or the real deal. 

After 3 rounds, check out your high score and upload a screenshot. 

factitious-pandemic.augamestudio.com

Upload a screenshot of your high score of the fake corona news quiz.

How have medicine and health developed over time?

Read p. 84 and 85 about medicine and healthcare during the time period of the Ancient Greeks and the Romans. 

After reading, watch the 4-minute video about Hippocrates, Galen and the four humours. 

Finally, answer the questions on the next few slides. 

The Ancient Greek god of healing is called Asclepius.

1. True
2. False

According to Ancient Greek doctors, someone was ill by having an imbalance in the four humours. The four humours in your body are, phlegm (slijm), blood, black bile (zwarte gal) and yellow bile (gele gal)

1. True
2. False

Click on the image to enlarge. Greeks linked the theory of humours to elements and seasons.

True or false: Yellow Bile - Fire - Winter

1. True
2. False

Click on the image to enlarge. Greeks linked the theory of humours to elements and seasons.

True or false: Blood - Air - Spring

1. True
2. False

Click on the image to enlarge. Greeks linked the theory of humours to elements and seasons.

True or false: Black Gile - Water - Autumn

1. True
2. False

Click on the image to enlarge. Greeks linked the theory of humours to elements and seasons.

True or false: Phlegm - Winter - Water

1. True
2. False

Greeks doctors kept detailed notes of their observations and could make a prognosis based on these notes for other patients with the same symptoms.

1. True
2. False

The Ancient Greeks only believed that gods could heal their sickness.

1. True
2. False

The key theorist in Greek medicine was Hippocrates. He set professional standards for doctors in his oath, which is stil sworn today.

1. True
2. False

During Roman times, everybody had acces to professional medical treatment.

1. True
2. False

A famous Roman doctor named Galen believed that the humours could be rebalanced using 'opposites', for example eating something hot when you had a cold.

1. True
2. False

Galen was interested in anatomy and carried out dissections and tought his students about the human body. His ideas were later rejected by the Christian Church, which saw his works as heresy.

1. True
2. False

The key idea based on Galens writings which flourished throughout the Roman Empire was public health. Aqueducts and bathhouses brought clean water to the Romans.

1. True
2. False

How have medicine and health developed over time?

Read p. 86 and 87 about medicine and healthcare during the time period of the Middle Ages.

After reading, watch the video (0:40 - 7:15) about medieval medicine.

Finally, answer the questions on the next few slides. 

Look at the drawing of a plague doctor from the seventeenth century in figure 5.6 on p. 87. What might the mask be for?

Look at the drawing of a plague doctor from the seventeenth century in figure 5.6 on p. 87. What does this suggest about what people believed caused the plague more than three centuries after the 1340s outbreak?

Some historians believe that Christianity and Islam may have hindered medical progress. Why do you think they suggest this? Explain your answers.

How have medicine and health developed over time?

Read p. 88 and 89 about medicine and healthcare during the time period of the Renaissance.

After reading, watch the two video's about Andreas Vesalius and William Harvey. 

Finally, answer the questions on the next few slides. 

Andreas Vesalius

Ambroise Paré

William Harvey

studied blood circulation

Detailed illustrated works of anatomy

Frenchman

used bandages instead of cauterizing

Belgian

discovered that blood runs through veins

English

proved Galen wrong

was an army surgeon

In about 50 words, explain why the works of Vesalius and Harvey had less impact on people's everyday health and life expectancy than Paré's.

In about 50 words, explain why Paré's idea of silk ligatures was less widely copied.

After the first time the Black Death happened in 1340, it continued to infect Europe. Even after 300 years, in 1665 the catastrophic plague struck Londen. Give four examples that show how limited medical progress had been.

Check out Figure 5.9 about the factors that brought about change in medicine. Using your knowlegde of what you have learned so far, make a ranking from 1 - 9 of these factors based on their inportance to a medical discovery being made.

In about 100 words, explain to what extent we do still face dangers today from epidemics of even pandemics? Explain how we cope with such dangers today.