5.2 Colonialism: the Dutch East Indies

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• Leerjaar 3

Chapter 5

Colonialism: The Dutch Indies

At the end of this lesson...

• You will be able to explain how the Dutch East Indies became a colony. 
• You will  be able to explain the Cultivation System

Dutch colonialism

Colonialism

• How? The Dutch East India Company (VOC).
• They established trading posts (Jan Pieterszoon Coen)
• The Dutch trades spices.
• By 1900 they controlled the entire archipelago: The Dutch East Indies. (colony)

Poor Holland

• French occupation (1795-1813)

• Java in English hands

• The Dutch fleet is old-fashioned and can no longer compete with other countries.

• Java Wars (1825-1830) cost a lot of money

Cultivation System

 (1830-1870)

• Purpose: The Dutch East Indies must become profitable again (for the Netherlands)

• With that money, the Netherlands can become a modern country (wish of King Willem I) New imperialism

• Execution conducted by Johannes van den Bosch

How does it work? (1)

• Javanese farmers have to cultivate 1/5 of their land with products that are interesting for the Dutch: coffee, tea and indigo (cultures).

• Javanese farmers receive planting wages for this

How does it work? (2)

• Javanese farmers have to work 66 days for the Dutch (''herendiensten''), for example building roads, canals and railways

• The Javanese monarchs (Regents) receive culture percentages. The more their farmers deliver, the more culture percentages

Bestuur tijdens het cultuurstelsel

• Nederland laat het bestaande, inlandse (Javaanse) bestuur intact

• Nederland plaats boven en naast dit inlandse bestuur, een eigen, binnenlands, bestuur met Nederlandse ambtenaren van de NHM (Nederlandsche Handelsmaatschappij)

Gouverneur-Generaal

Gouverneur

Resident

Binnenlands bestuur

Assistent-resident

Regent

Inlands bestuur

Districtshoofd

Onderdistrictshoofd

Dorpshoofd

Verdeelt het werk en betaalt het plantloon uit

Hoogste ambtenaar in Nederlands-Indië

Hoofd van een provincie

Controleur

↓

↓

↓

↓

↓

↓

↓

↓

↓

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Javaanse vorsten

Consequences for the Netherlands

• Within a few years the Dutch East Indies are profitable again.
  

• Infrastructure (roads, canals and railways) in the Netherlands is almost entirely funded by these gains

Positive consequences for Java

• Improved infrastructure on the island

• Creation of a money economy

 Negative consequences for Java

• Exploitation by own Javanese monarchs (regents)

• Often more than 66 days of work

• Planting wages are low

Negative consequences for Java

• The best parst of the land had to be used for the Cultivation System

• Famines

Which products were cultivated for the Cultivation System?

1. coffee, tea and indigo
2. spices, tobacco and indigo
3. coffee, tea and spices
4. tobacco, coffee and salt

What was the percentage of land the farmers had to use for the Cultivation System?

1. 20
2. 30
3. 40
4. 50

Which company was responsible for the Cultivation System?

1. VOC
2. HMA
3. VED
4. NHM

For what purpose was the Cultivation System introduced?

On which island was the Cultivation Systemintroduced?

1. Sumatra
2. Java
3. Bali
4. Moluccas

True or False?

The farmers were very happy with the culture percentages.

1. Goed
2. Fout

Name one positive consequence of
the Cultivation System for the Javanese farmers

Name two negative consequences
of the Cultivation System for the Javanese farmers

Homework

Paragraph 5.2 exercise 1 to 5