YR1_T1_LSN11

• Science
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 1

Get ready:

• Your notebook
  
• Your textbook
• Pen 
• (highlighter)

Wait quietly

Topic 1: Observing the World

Plan for today

• Recap Topic 1

Topic 1: Observing the World

Learning Goals T1.1:

• I know what observing is
• I know what tools can be used to observe
• I know what a substance/matter is
• I know what a property of a substance is and can describe

properties of a given substance

   Observing:  

Observing is to notice something by using your senses.

You can observe with your:

• nose
• eyes
• ears
• tongue
• skin

Observation tools:

• ruler / triangle
• thermometer
• scales
• beakers / cilinders
• microscopes

Substances:

• A substance is anything that has mass and takes up space.
• Substances are physical things that can be touched, seen, observed or measured. 
• Scientists also sometimes refer to substances as matter.
• Every substance also has its own unique characteristics, called properties of a substance.

Properties of substances:

examples of properties are:

• color
• phase at room temperature (liquid, gas or solid)
• smell
• taste
• appearance

Learning Goals T1.2:

• I can convert between different units in the metric system
• I know the names of the most common lab materials and what they are used for
• I know the lab safety rules and safety symbols
• I know where to find the different safety materials in the lab

Units:

• One of the best ways to learn about a substance is to measure it in some way.
• When we measure it we put it into units. 

Lab equipment

Safety symbols

Learning Goals T1.3:

• I can explain what density is.
• I know how the particles look in a low density substance and a high density substance.
• I know how to calculate the density using a table if the mass and volume are given.
• I know what the unit is for density.

Density:

Density is how much matter is packed into a given area.

The different states of water are more dense, the colder the temperature. Think of the difference between steam, water and ice. 

Calculating density

Mimoun has 50 mL of a liquid that he places on the scale. The liquid has a

mass of 300 grams. What is the density of the liquid?

When calculating the density we need to know the mass of only 1 mL,

not 50 mL. We can put this information in a table to help us:

Mass	Volume
300 grams	50mL
? grams	1mL

Calculating density

Mimoun has 50 mL of a liquid that he places on the scale. The liquid has a

mass of 300 grams. What is the density of the liquid?

When calculating the density we need to know the mass of only 1 mL,

not 50 mL. We can put this information in a table to help us:

Mass	Volume
300 grams	50mL
? grams	1mL

:50

:50

Calculating density

Mimoun has 50 mL of a liquid that he places on the scale. The liquid has a

mass of 300 grams. What is the density of the liquid?

When calculating the density we need to know the mass of only 1 mL,

not 50 mL. We can put this information in a table to help us:

Mass	Volume
300 grams	50mL
6 grams	1mL

:50

:50

Calculating volume (regular shape)

Formula:  H x W x L

In this example:

10 cm x 15 cm x 8 cm = 1200

A: 10 cm

B: 15cm

C: 8cm

cm​3​​

Learning Goals T1.4:

• I can explain what sound is and how it travels
• I know what frequency is and how changing the frequency affects the pitch of a sound
• I can draw a sound wave of a high frequency or a low frequency sound
• I know what amplitude is and how it affects the loudness of a sound
• I can draw a sound wave of a quiet sound and a loud sound

Sound:

Sound is energy that makes molecules vibrate.

The molecules pass on the energy until it runs out.

If your ear is in range of the vibrations

you can hear the sound

Soundwaves:

• Sound waves are the movement of molecules because of sound energy. 
• The amplitude is the height of the wave.
• The wavelength is the complete length of one wave.

Frequency:

• The frequency of a sound wave is the measure of the speed of the vibrations.
• A higher frequency is a higher pitch, a lower frequency is a lower pitch. 

• What is an example of a high pitched sound?

High pitched sound = Whistle

Sound volume:

• The amplitude is the height of the sound wave. This shows the loudness of the sound.
• A bigger amplitude is a louder sound.

Learning Goals T1.5:

• I can explain what a light wave is and how it travels.
• I know what all the colours of the visible spectrum are, in order from lowest to highest frequency.
• I know that white light is a combination of all colours in the visible spectrum.
• I know what colours of light are reflected or absorbed based on an object’s colour.
• I know that white objects reflect all light and black objects absorb all light..
  

Light

Is a form of energy that travels in waves

Unlike sound, light does not need molecules to help it spread.

Allows people and animals to see things.

Light sources

Natural light                                                         

• The sun and stars
• Fire
• Lightening

Artificial light

• Lamp
• Telephone screen
• Laser

Visible spectrum

All the colors we can see with the naked eye.

Different colors of light have different frequencies.

Which color has the lowest frequency? The highest?

White light

White light is made of all the colors of the visible spectrum.

We can split white light into its colors by using a prism.

How do we see color?

The human eye sees color when light bounces (reflects) off an object and goes into our eye. The color of light that gets reflected is the color that we see.  

All other colors of light get 

absorbed by the object so that 

we don’t see them.

Seeing black and white

White objects reflect all the colors 

which together make the color white.

Black objects absorb all the colors 

so there is nothing left to see.

Learning Goals T1.6:

• I know the difference between an atom, molecule or particle 
• I can explain what atoms are in a molecule based on their formula
• I can explain the process of photosynthesis and know the chemical equation
• I know the parts of the plant cell and can label them on a diagram

Looking at different levels

Macroscopic level is what you can see with the naked eye. Microscopic level we need tools like a microscope to see.

Particles vs molecules vs atoms

Particle is a general term for a small piece of matter.

An atom is the smallest particle of a substance that still has the properties of the substance.

A molecule is formed when atoms 

are bonded together to form a 

different substance.

Photosynthesis

In photosynthesis the sugar that is built is called glucose. The energy that is needed for building comes from the sunlight.

We can write this 

in a chemical

equation

Plant cell

Nucleus: controls the cell

Cell wall: shapes the cell

Cell membrane: controls the 

contents of the cell

Cytoplasm: inside of the cell

Vacuole: storage bag

Chloroplasts: photosynthesis

Homework:

• Do the LessonUp lesson ''Skills-How to work with microscopes'' (you can find it in the LessonUp class)
• Read both documents of skills 5: using a microscope (you can find the studysheet and worksheet in google classroom)
• Study the StudyGo list: Skills 5 (you can find this list in the StudyGo group)

Next week friday (15 nov) = Proefwerk Topic 1 (4x)