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4.4 Islam
De Islam
4. Islam
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De Islam
4. Islam
Slide 1 - Diapositive
How did the church and the Frankish kings helped each other?
Slide 2 - Question ouverte
Leervragen
Welke boodschap kreeg Mohammed van de engel?
Wat is de hedsjra?
Hoe verspreidde de islam zich na de dood van Mohammed?
Wat gebeurde er met christenen en joden in de gebieden die door aanhangers van de islam werden veroverd?
Op welke manieren waren de Arabieren verder ontwikkeld dan de Europeanen? Noem vijf.
Leerdoel:
Hoe ontstond de islam en hoe heeft deze nieuwe goddienst zich verspreid?
Slide 3 - Diapositive
Many Gods or one God?
In the sixth century, the Arabs believed in hundreds of gods.
In the city of Mecca stood the Ka'aba: a large black stone.
At this place, the Arabs worshipped their gods.
People, including many traders from other countries, also visited the Ka'aba and prayed to their gods there.
Mecca was located at a crossroads of trade routes and was an important trading city.
Slide 4 - Diapositive
Muhammed
Muhammad
was a trader from Mecca.
In a dream, a vision, an angel told him that there is only one God, Allah.
Muhammad told the people in Mecca about his dream, but almost no one wanted to listen to him.
Most people wanted nothing to do with Muhammad and drove him and his followers out of the city.
Slide 5 - Diapositive
From Mecca to Medina
Year: 622
Muhammad fled to Medina.
This marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar, the Hijra.
In this city lived many Jews and Christians, who also believed in one God (monotheism).
Muhammad, who called himself the prophet of Allah, gained many followers.
They called themselves Muslims, and their religion Islam.
Slide 6 - Diapositive
Back to Mecca
Year: 630
With a large group of Muslims, Muhammad returned to Mecca (630).
There was fighting, and Muhammad won.
Many residents of Mecca then converted to Islam.
Muhammad decreed that people at the Ka'aba were only allowed to pray to Allah from then on.
Slide 7 - Diapositive
In which year are we living according to the Islamic calendar?
A
2640
B
1402
C
622
D
1854
Slide 8 - Quiz
Where does the Islamic faith come from?
A
Saudi Arabia
B
China
C
Spain
D
Turkey
Slide 9 - Quiz
The Islam knows...
A
1 god
B
2 gods
C
3 gods
D
4 gods
Slide 10 - Quiz
Mohammed is...
A
The founder and most important prophet of Islam.
B
The founder of Islam and the son of God
C
The most important prophet of Islam and the son of God
D
The same as Allah
Slide 11 - Quiz
Which religion is the oldest
A
Christianity
B
Islam
C
Judiaism
Slide 12 - Quiz
The Islam
Islam means "submission."
The most important book is the Quran or Qur'an (القرآن).
According to Muslims, the words in the Arabic language were revealed by Allah through the angel Jibriel (Gabriel) to Muhammad.
Additionally, a Muslim must (as much as possible) adhere to the Five Pillars, which are religious obligations.
The Friday prayer in a mosque is obligatory for men.
Slide 13 - Diapositive
Five pillars of the islam
creed (sjahada)
الشهادة
ritual prayers (salat)
الصّلاة
give to the poor (zakat)
زكاة
ramadan
(saum)
رمضان
pelgrimage
(hadj)
الحجّ
Slide 14 - Diapositive
The spread of the Islam Year
632
After the death of Muhammad (632), his successors, the caliphs, conquered large parts of the Middle East and North Africa. (fierce fighters)
Most people in these regions became Muslim. (within 25 years)
Weak empires such as those of the Byzantines and Persians were easily conquered.
Slide 15 - Diapositive
Slide 16 - Diapositive
Battle of Poitiers
732
The Franks and the Arabs regularly invaded each other's territories.
In 732, their armies fought at the French town of Poitiers.
Charles Martel, the grandfather of Charlemagne, led the Franks.
His army was larger and his soldiers knew the terrain.
The Arabs were defeated and would never again advance so far north.
Slide 17 - Diapositive
soennitisch
sjiitisch
ibadisch
Slide 18 - Diapositive
Kalief Harun Al Rashid
Hoofdstad Bagdad: 1 miljoen inwoners
Handel met andere delen in de wereld zoals Afrika, India en China. Ook geloofsverspreiding
Bankensysteem
Ambtenarenapparaat
Belangstelling voor Griekse filosofen en geleerden
Slide 19 - Diapositive
The spread of Islam
The empire fragmented into various Islamic states.
Christians and Jews were allowed to keep their own faith because they also believed in one God.
However, they had to pay a special tax.
Slide 20 - Diapositive
Kalief Harun al-Rashid
Highlight of the Arabic culture
Slide 21 - Diapositive
Learning from each other
Through their conquests, the Arabs gathered a lot of knowledge.
Medicine: the Arabs knew that many diseases could be prevented through good hygiene.
Mathematics: the Arabs learned that calculations were much easier with the numbers 0 through 9 than with Roman numerals.
Geography: Arab scholars collected and combined the world's knowledge into accurate topographical maps.
Slide 22 - Diapositive
Leervragen hoofdstuk 6
- Noem verbeteringen van Karel de Grote op het gebied van rechtspraak, bestuur, handel en wetenschap.
- Wat gebeurde er na zijn dood met het rijk van Karel de Grote?
- Wie waren de Noormannen?
- Waarom kwam er rond het jaar 1000 een einde aan de strooptochten van de Noormannen?
- Hoe zorgde het leenstelsel ervoor dat het bestuur van Europa steeds chaotischer werd?
- Hoe zagen de eerste kastelen eruit?
- Hoe zagen de kastelen van de latere middeleeuwen eruit
Slide 23 - Diapositive
Put the right keyword with the right pillar
Christianity
Islam
both
Mohammed
Monotheism
church
mosque
Mecca
Bible
Jezus
Koran
Slide 24 - Question de remorquage
What is the hedsjra?
A
The flight from Mohammed out of Mecca
B
The birth of the prophet Mohammed
C
The beginning of the Islamic calendar
D
The holy war
Slide 25 - Quiz
Make the right combinations
Holy book for the muslims
The city Muhammed fled from in 622
The God of muslims
The city Muhammed fled to in 622
A group of people who believed Muhammed told the truth
Koran
Mecca
muslims
Allah
Medina
Slide 26 - Question de remorquage
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