1.1 Population and economic development patterns

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1.1 Population and economic development patterns

IB Geography - Unit 1 Population change

1 Population and economic development patterns

How population varies between places

1. Population and economic development patterns

How population varies between places

a) Physical and human factors affecting population distribution at the global scale

b) Global patterns and classification of economic development:

• low-income countries (LICs)

• middle-income countries and emerging economies (MICs)

• high-income countries (HICs)

c) Population distribution and economic development at the national scale, including voluntary internal migration, core-periphery patterns and megacity growth

• Two detailed and contrasting examples of uneven population distribution

Synthesis, evaluation and skills opportunities

​The relative importance of different influences on where people live and spatial interactions between places at varying scales

a) Physical and human factors affecting population distribution at the global scale

Physical:

1. Relief and landforms

2. Weather and climate

3. Soil type and quality 

4. Water supply

5. Vegetation

6. Raw materials/natural resources

7. Natural threats

Human:

1. Agriculture 

2. Secondary industry

3. Accessibility

4. Political decisions

5. Conflict

....

Do you believe that physical or human factors have the greatest effect on population density? Justify your answer with reference to examples.

Comment on the effects of a) latitude and b) altitude. Explain the patterns you identify

b) Global patterns and classification of economic development:

Watch the video by Hans Rosling (founder of Gapminder) that shows the distribution of population by wealth across the world. 

GNI/capita (US dollars):

- LICs:  < $1,025 

- Lower MICs: between $1,026 and $3,995

- Upper MICs: between $3,996 and $12,375

- HICs: > $12,376

(WorldBank, 2019)

1. What is the total wealth percentage shared by the richest 0,6 % percent of the world population?

1. 39,3 %
2. 43,1 %
3. 14,4 %
4. 3,3 %

Two case studies: France & Ethiopia

> contrasting examples of uneven population distribution

c) Population distribution and economic development at the national scale, including voluntary internal migration, core-periphery patterns (...)

Case study 1: France

1. Describe population distribution of France. 

2. The population distribution of France can be referred to as 'uneven'. Give three physical reasons why it is uneven referring to: i. relief; ii. rivers; and iii. proximity to coastal areas. 

3. Give three human reasons for the uneven population distribution in France. This graphic might help you:

3. Give three human reasons for the uneven population distribution in France.

Case study 2: Ethiophia

1. Describe population distribution of Ethiopia. 

2. The population distribution of Ethiopia can be referred to as 'uneven'. Give two physical reasons why it is uneven referring to: i. linking relief and precipitation levels (& link to agriculture) ii. rivers (not all have water flowing)

Case study 2: Ethiopia

Internal migration flows in Ethiopia are currently larger than external flows, but the exact number of people who migrate internally is not known. Internal migration occurs in the form of rural-urban migration, rural-rural migration, and resettlement policies, which are all substantial in Ethiopia. Internal migration in Ethiopia has traditionally occurred at marriage when the wife moves to live in the husband's community. In addition to this traditional internal mobility, urbanization in Ethiopia is a growing trend that puts pressure on urban infrastructure and resources (De Waal, 1991: Ezra & Kiros, 2001).

Information on migration in Ethiopia:

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/print_et.html

https://www.ibgeographypods.org/uploads/7/6/2/2/7622863/cr_ethiopia.pdf

Create a visually appealing mindmap on population and economic development

​Carefully read the paragraph and/or 

material A-D on https://www.jkgeography.com/physical-and-human-factors-affecting-global-population-distribution.html

You could research online to find additional detail/factors. 

Include: 

- physical and human factors affecting population density

- economic classifications

- core & periphery

 - types of migration flows

- case studies France & Ethiopia

Example of a visually attractive mindmap (from: MrsGeography)

Finish the case studies of France and Ehtopia

Go to https://www.ibgeographypods.org/a-population-and-economic-development-patterns.html#

Use the resources on the website and finish the case studies on France and Ethiopia.

Synthesis, evaluation and skills opportunities

​The relative importance of different influences on where people live and spatial interactions between places at varying scales.

France and Ethiopia are contrasting countries but both have uneven population distributions and both experience internal migration for very different reasons.