Chapter 5 it runs in the familiy

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Chapter 5: it runs in the family

Wat is genotype or fenotype? move traits to genotype or fenotype. 

Genotype

Fenotype

a small nose

straight hair from birth

Piercings 

painted dark hair

a scar

Wibi can play the piano very well

calluses on your hands

blue eyes

genotype

fenotype

Karyograms:

1. left male right female
2. left female right female
3. left male right male
4. left female right male

karyotype

- picture of all your 46 chromosomes

- 23 homologous pairs (1 from dad and 1 from mum)

- 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes

- 1 pair of sex chromosomes XX or XY

What determines the sex of the baby?

1. Male
2. Sperm cell
3. Female
4. Egg cell

5.3 DNA and genes

DNA

nucleotides (base of DNA)

4 different bases (nucleotides)

cytosine

guanine

adenine

thymine

double helix (ladder)

information is stored in code

AATCCGGACGAATTCCGGAAAAAATTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCGCGCGAATTCATATATATCGGACGGACGAAC etc etc etc it would be a very thick book :-)

GENE: section of DNA with complete code for a protein

proteins

Lots of functions

E.g. enzymes, hormones, antibodies, cell structure

gene = code for 1 protein

Genes determine your characteristics

copying

you start with one fertilised egg with 46 chromosomes...

you end up with billions of cells with the same 46 chromosomes => all of them a copy from the original.....

things can go wrong on the way => mutations (5.5)

from DNA code to proteins

3 bases = 1 amino acid

ACC is code for one type

AAG is code for another

21 different amino acids.

string of amino acids = protein

amino acids -> protein

The molecule
shown in the
picture is called ...

1. DNA
2. single stranded DNA
3. an amino acid
4. a ribosome

This is a picture of ..

1. chromosome
2. gene
3. DNA
4. cell

Below are a few codes with 4 letters.
Which of these codes show a piece ofDNA?

1. ABCDBDCA
2. CAEFEAFC
3. GACTATGC
4. TACDDTAC

What do you call the part of a chromosome that carries the information for 1 heriditary trait?

1. DNA
2. a gene
3. a mother cell
4. an egg cell

Does the information for hereditary traits change when a cell is copied?

1. yes
2. no

this is a picture of ........

1. cell
2. chromosome
3. DNA
4. gene

Is this the karyotype of a male or female?

1. Male
2. Female
3. You cannot see that

Do:

Read paragraph 5.3

make 5.3 exercises 9-14