3.4 fighting or sporting (part I)
3.4 Fighting or sporting (I)
Greek vs. Persians
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Slide 1: Slide
HistoryMiddelbare schoolvwoLeerjaar 1
This lesson contains 27 slides, with text slides and 3 videos.
Items in this lesson
3.4 Fighting or sporting (I)
Greek vs. Persians
Slide 1 - Slide
Slide 2 - Video
De Perzische Oorlog: causes (1)
In Persia: Kingship was given from the gods and they are entitled to total power.
The Persians take over many Greek colonies.
Ionia, a former Greek colony, was dissatisfied with the high taxes and hindrance to Greek sea trade.
Slide 3 - Slide
P war: causes (2)
An uprising breaks out in Ionia: The IONIAN Uprising!
Athens and Eretria help free Ionia.
The Persians put down the revolt....
Slide 4 - Slide
First Persian War
Darius I of Persia sent 600 ships directly across the sea; they destroyed the island of Euboia and proceed to Marathon.
Athenian merchants overrun the Persians (6400 to 192 killed).
Persians retreat, some ships fled.
Slide 5 - Slide
First P-war
Conclusion: the Persians lose the battle of Marathon.
An Athenian soldier ran at once from Marathon to Athens (42.195km) to report victory
Slide 6 - Slide
Darius I wanted compensation (penance) from Athens because she helped Ionia during the Rebellion.
He sent two messengers to Athens, who were killed.
Slide 7 - Slide
Second Persian War
Darius I wanted revenge for the defeat at Marathon!
The Athenians set about preparing:
- Build two hundred ships with the proceeds of new silver veins.
- Making alliances with other Greek city-states (such as Sparta).
Slide 8 - Slide
2nd P-War (2)
Darius I was succeeded by Xerxes.
The war begins!!!
- The mountain pass Thermapylae (Leonidas and his 300 soldiers).
- Spartans lost the battle.
- Persians destroyed Athens (unprotected), the inhabitants had already fled on their ships.
- Persians were defeated at the island of Salamis.
Slide 9 - Slide
2nd p war
King Leonidas of Sparta is told by Xerxes to lay down his arms:
"Μολων λαβε", ("That he come and get them").
Then fought in the battle of Thermopylae with 300 soldiers (and another whole bunch of slaves) and lost by treachery.
Honored by all Greeks as a hero!
Slide 10 - Slide
2nd P war (4)
Battle of Salamis (480 BC).
Greeks trap much larger Persian fleet (1207 ships, Greeks 371) and defeat over 200 ships.
This was the decisive victory in the 2nd Persian War
Slide 11 - Slide
Greek vs Greek
Slide 12 - Slide
De Peloponnesian War (1)
Athens vs Sparta:
- Both were so powerful that they dominated part of the Greek world.'
- Athens: Delian league. Had to pay a lot of taxes to Athens to pay for the army (protection from the Persians).
- Sparta: Peloponnesian league. The land army the most important.
Slide 13 - Slide
De Peloponnesian War (2)
Sparta gewonnen! Hoe? Ze plunderden het platteland en verbrandden de olijfbomen...
Gevolgen voor Athene: democratie werd tijdelijk opgeheven door Sparta en hun raad van dertig.
Muren afbreken die Athene verbond met de haven.
Slide 14 - Slide
Athens:
Democracy
Women stay indoors as much as possible
Lots of art, building projects, philosophy
Slide 15 - Slide
Sparta:
monarchy with even two kings. In peacetime they were judges and priests, in wartime they led the army.
popular assembly of male citizens had little power.
But 5 people made the most important decisions.
Slide 16 - Slide
Sparta:
- newborn babies were adopted.
- from age 7 children lived in military barracks. so-called Spartan education
(both boys and girls)
- Life revolved around the military.
Slide 17 - Slide
Peloponnesian War (431-404 v.Chr.)
- Struggle for power and influence in Greece.
- Spartans strongest on land.
- Athenians strongest at sea.
After 30 years, Sparta wins; both cities had been weakened by war.
Slide 18 - Slide
after the war
- Athens must tear down its city walls.
- Athens must tear down its warships.
- Athens must abolish democracy.
Slide 19 - Slide
Alexander the Great
Slide 20 - Slide
Slide 21 - Video
Filippus II (king of Macedonia):
- dwingt de Grieken om hem als koning te accepteren.
- één rijk van alle stadstaten maken (behalve Sparta)
- Samen de Perzen aanvallen en het rijk uitbreiden.
- vermoord voordat hij zijn plannen uit kan voeren.
Slide 22 - Slide
Alexander the Great :
- enormous empire
- Wants to rule 'to the end of the world'
- Invades India but his army won't fight anymore.
- Wounded, he retreats.
- Died suddenly at the age of 32.
- After his death his generals all want their own kingdoms and the empire falls into four parts.
Slide 23 - Slide
Slide 24 - Slide
Hellenism:
- Conquered peoples adopted Greek art, philosophy and sciences.
- Generals married women from conquered territories.
- Alexander founded cities along Greek lines in order to create unity in the empire.
Slide 25 - Slide
the end..?
Ionian revolt
Persian war --> 'free Greek citizen'
Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.)
Philippos and Alexander the Great of Macedonia (338 B.C.)
Hellenism = spread of Greek culture
