Unit 1 - Grammar 2 Gerund & Infinitive

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

Welcome h3p!

1. Put your phone in the phonebag

2. Take your book and notebook out

3. Put your pencil case on your table. 

Welcome to English, H3!

1. Put your phone in the pouch.

What to do?

2. Have your books ready.

3. Put your stationery on your desk.

4. Let's begin!

Today's planning:

Today we're going to

Learn when to use the gerund and to + infinitive

Class practice

Do grammar exercises 29-31

Gerund

Een werkwoord dat eindigt op -ing en zich gedraagt als een zelfstandig naamwoord. Het is in de zin dus geen zelfstandig werkwoord

Het lijkt veel op de continuous tense, maar is dus een andere tijd. Soms moet of kun je in plaats van de gerund ook to + hele werkwoord gebruiken.

Voorbeelden van wat de gerund NIET is!

- I am watching a video.

- He is playing with his brother.

- She was doing her homework.

Hier hebben de werkwoorden allemaal de vorm van werkwoord+ing, maar dit zijn voorbeelden van de continuous. 

1. Er staat een vorm van to be (am, is, was) vóór het ww

2. Het werkwoord is deel van het gezegde en niet het onderwerp, lijdend voorwerp of meewerkend voorwerp

De gerund is WEL.....

- I love playing games.

- Laughing is good for you.

- Susie likes shopping.

Hier wordt het werkwoord+ing, gebruikt als zelfstandig naamwoord. Je spreekt dan van de gerund. Dus een werkwoord als zelfstandig naamwoord is de gerund.

! Zoals je ziet is het werkwoord hier NIET gekoppeld aan een vorm van to be (am, is, are, was, were). 

Find the gerund

1. Singing in the choir gives her a sense of belonging.

2. Playing outdoors is essential for children.

3. Painting landscapes is his passion.

4. Writing letters can help you express your feelings.

5. Dancing is a great way to socialize and stay active.

6. I dislike waiting for buses.

Gerund or continuous form?

1. She is swimming in the pool right now.

2. Swimming in the ocean is his favorite summer activity.

3. They were laughing so loudly that it woke up the neighbors.

4. Laughing at jokes is a great way to relieve stress.

5. He is running a marathon next weekend.

6. Running is excellent exercise for improving health.

She was reading a fascinating book all night.

Reading novels is a hobby she enjoys in her free time.

They are cooking dinner together.

Schrijf links: Wanneer gebruik je de gerund?

1. Na ww waarmee je aangeeft of je iets wel of niet leuk vindt.

- (dis)like,

-love

-hate

-fancy

-envy

2. Samen met zintuigelijke werkwoorden 

-see

-watch

-hear

-smell

-feel

3. Na:

-avoid

-consider

-give up

-go on

-keep

-mind

-prefer

-recommend

-start

-stop

-suggest

gerund-expaining something that you feel

I like drinking tea

after a verb that isn't an auxiliary

I hope he considers changing his mind.

after verbs about the senses

I hear birds singing

To + infinitive

Naast the gerund heb je ook the infinitive. Het infinitief is het hele werkwoord. 

Dit is altijd "to + het hele werkwoord"

Schrijf rechts: Wanneer gebruik je to + het hele werkwoord?

1. Na werkwoorden die een wens uitdrukken 

-wish

-hope

-want

-dream

-desire

2. Na werkwoorden die een bevel uitdrukken 

-demand

-forbid

-prohibit

-allow

-restrict

3. Na:

-decide

-expect

-choose

-hesitate

-learn

-refuse

manage

Deze uitzonderingen moet je leren! Maak het jezelf gemakkelijk door de verschillen naast elkaar te zetten.

Oliver is looking forward to
... his friends on holiday.

1. see
2. seeing

We'd like ... to
Russia next year.

1. to go
2. going

This afternoon I'm looking forward to ..... the Cuban water ballet team.

1. see
2. seeing

I love ...... to this city
because it's so exciting!

1. came
2. coming
3. come
4. to come

I enjoy ..... the sport events, and so far I've seen a BMX competition and a boxing match.

1. watches
2. watch
3. watching
4. to watch

Anna and Charles hope ... to a festival this summer.

1. going
2. to go

Do you enjoy ... on a campsite?

1. staying
2. to stay

I want ... with my friends.

1. to spend time
2. spending time

I've started ... at this school this year.

1. to work
2. working

She continued ... about her accomplishments.

1. brags
2. to brag
3. bragging
4. to bragging

I demand ... dinner right now!

1. having
2. to have
3. have

You aren't allowed ... over that fence, kids!

1. jumping
2. jump
3. to jump

This year I've decided .....
my cousins at the summer festival.

1. meet
2. meeting
3. to meet

He never eats breakfast before .... (to head out) to work

I don't mind ... up early.

1. to getting
2. to get
3. getting
4. gets

The film isn't worth ....

1. seeing
2. to see
3. to seeing
4. see

I watched him ... (to kayak) through that river.

"Do you mind _____ quiet for a while? Because I really need to finish this assignment today."

1. being
2. to be

Emily isn't interested in
... beach volleyball.

1. to play
2. playing

This topic about 'gerund' and 'infinitive' is clear to me now.

1. Yes, definitely
2. Yes, I think so...
3. No, I need some more explanation
4. No, but I only have to practice some more.

Please complete exercises  29-31 in your book